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Why Are There Two Genetically Distinct Syphilis-Causing Strains?

卷 7, 册 3-4, 2016, pp. 181-190
DOI: 10.1615/ForumImmunDisTher.2017020184
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摘要

Genetic analyses of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA) reference strains and human clinical isolates have revealed that there are two genetically distinct groups of TPA strains, one group related to the reference strain TPA Nichols (Nichols-like strains) and the second to the TPA SS14 strain (SS14-like strains). In general, the diversification of syphilis-causing strains into SS14- and Nichols-like groups is consistent with geographical and population separation of syphilis-infected human societies, such as separation of American and European populations before the 15th century, and this isolation could explain the missing intermediates between the two groups of TPA strains. In addition, whereas SS14-like strains are predominant among contemporary worldwide clinical isolates, a predominance of Nichols-like strains among reference laboratory strains (isolated in the United States during the 1900s) was found. The possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed, but the ultimate reasons of both the diversification of syphilis-causing strains into SS14- and Nichols-like groups as well as the contemporary worldwide predominance of SS14-like strains in the human population remain unknown.

对本文的引用
  1. Mikalová Lenka, Šmajs David, Sexually Transmitted Treponematoses, in Diagnostics to Pathogenomics of Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2018. Crossref

  2. Grillova Linda, Jolley Keith, Šmajs David, Picardeau Mathieu, A public database for the new MLST scheme for Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum: surveillance and epidemiology of the causative agent of syphilis, PeerJ, 6, 2019. Crossref

  3. Grillová Linda, Oppelt Jan, Mikalová Lenka, Nováková Markéta, Giacani Lorenzo, Niesnerová Anežka, Noda Angel A., Mechaly Ariel E., Pospíšilová Petra, Čejková Darina, Grange Philippe A., Dupin Nicolas, Strnadel Radim, Chen Marcus, Denham Ian, Arora Natasha, Picardeau Mathieu, Weston Christopher, Forsyth R. Allyn, Šmajs David, Directly Sequenced Genomes of Contemporary Strains of Syphilis Reveal Recombination-Driven Diversity in Genes Encoding Predicted Surface-Exposed Antigens, Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2019. Crossref

  4. Mikalová Lenka, Janečková Klára, Nováková Markéta, Strouhal Michal, Čejková Darina, Harper Kristin N., Šmajs David, Clegg Simon Russell, Whole genome sequence of the Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum strain Iraq B: A subpopulation of bejel treponemes contains full-length tprF and tprG genes similar to those present in T. p. subsp. pertenue strains, PLOS ONE, 15, 4, 2020. Crossref

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