每年出版 18 期
ISSN 打印: 1064-2285
ISSN 在线: 2162-6561
Indexed in
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF NANOLUBRICANT USAGE IN A COOLING SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT NANOPARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS
摘要
Nanoparticles-containing working fluid utilization in thermal systems has been increasing day after day because of their capabilities of enhancing thermophysical properties of the base fluid. In this experimental study, influences of nanoparticle utilization inside the polyol ester compressor oil in a cooling system as a nanolubricant were investigated. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were added to the polyol ester compressor oil, together with 350 g of an R134a refrigerant. A surface active agent was also used in order to prevent agglomerations of doped nanoparticles during operation of the system. Experiments were conducted at different nanoparticle concentrations (1.0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.0 wt.%) to show the effects of nanoparticle concentration on performance of the cooling system. Cooling coefficient of performance and power consumption of the compressor were analyzed. As a consequence of the experiments, the best results were obtained in the cases in which nanoparticle concentration of 1.0% nanolubricant was used. The cooling coefficient of performance of the system was increased up to 4.70, and the power consumption of the compressor was decreased to 26.28 kj·h-1.
-
Adelekan, D.S., Ohunakin, O.S., Babarinde, T.O., Odunfa, M.K., Leramo, R.O., Oyedepo, S.O., and Badejo, D.C., Experimental Performance of LPG Refrigerant Charges with Varied Concentration of TiO2 Nanolubricants in a Domestic Refrigerator, Case Studies Therm. Eng., vol. 9, pp. 55-61, 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.csite.2016.12.002.
-
Aydin, D.Y., Guru, M., Sozen, S., and Qiftfi, E., Thermal Performance Improvement of the Heat Pipe by Employing Dolomite/ Ethylene Glycol Nanofluid, Int. J. Renew. Energy Devel., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 23-27, 2020. DOI: 10.14710/ijred.9.1.23-27.
-
Azmi, W.H., Sharif, M.Z., Yusof, T.M., Mamat, R., and Redhwan, A.A.M., Potential of Nanorefrigerant and Nanolubricant on Energy Saving in Refrigeration System-A Review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 69, pp. 415-428, 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.207.
-
Bandgar, M.S., Ragit, S.S., Kolhe, K.P., and Biradar, N.S., Effect of Nanolubricant on the Performance of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System: A Review, J. Emerging Technol. Innov. Res., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 56-59, 2016.
-
Bi, S., Kuo. G., Liu, Z., and Wu, J., Performance of a Domestic Refrigerator Using TiO2-R600a Nanorefrigerant as Working Fluid, Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 733-737, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.07.052.
-
Bianco, V., Vafai, K., Manca, O., and Nardini, S., Heat Transfer Enhancement with Nanofluids, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2015.
-
Qengel A. Yunus, A., and Boles M., Muhendislik Yaklagimiyla Termodinamik, Istanbul: Palme Yayincilik, 2008.
-
Chen, M., He, Y. Zhu, J., and Wen, D., Investigating the Collector Efficiency of Silver Nanofluids Based Direct Absorption Solar Collectors, Appl. Energy, vol. 181, pp. 65-74, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.054.
-
Chiam, H.W., Azmi, W.H., Usri, N.A., Mamat, R., and Adam, N.M., Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Al2O3 Nanofluids for Different Based Ratios of Water and Ethylene Glycol Mixture, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 81, pp. 420-429, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.09.013.
-
Qiftfi, E., Sozen A., and Karaman, E., TiO2 Iferen Nanoakiskan Kullaniminin Isi Borusu Performansina Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak Incelenmesi, PoliteknikDergisi., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 367-376, 2016.
-
Esfe, M.H., Afrand, M., Rostamian, S.H., and Toghraie, D., Examination of Rheological Behavior of MWCNTs/ZnO-SAE40 Hybrid Nano-Lubricants under Various Temperatures and Solid Volume Fractions, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 80, pp. 384-390, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.07.011.
-
Guru, M., Sozen A., Karakaya, U., and Qiftfi, E., Influences of Bentonite-Deionized Water Nanofluid Utilization at Different Concentrations on Heat Pipe Performance: An Experimental Study, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 148, pp. 632-640, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.11.024.
-
International Energy Outlook I, International Energy Outlook, accessed October 10, 2019, from http://www.worldenergyout-look.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/weo_2007.pdf, 2007.
-
Khanlari, A., Aydin, D.Y., Sozen, A., Guru, M., and Variyenli, H.I., Investigation of the Influences of Kaolin-Deionized Water Nanofluid on the Thermal Behavior of Concentric Type Heat Exchanger, Heat Mass Transf., vol. 56, pp. 1-10, 2019a. DOI: 10.1007/s00231-019-02764-1.
-
Khanlari, A., Sozen, A., and Variyenli, H.I., Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Plate Type Heat Exchangers Using TiO2/Water Nanofluid, Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1343-1362, 2019b. DOI: 10.1108/HFF-05-2018-0191.
-
Khanlari, A., Sozen, A., Variyenli, H.I., and Guru, M., Comparison between Heat Transfer Characteristics of TiO2/Deionized Water and Kaolin/Deionized Water Nanofluids in the Plate Heat Exchanger, Heat Transf. Res., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 435-450, 2018. DOI: 10.1615/HeatTransRes.2018026288.
-
Kline, S.J. and McClintock, F.A., Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments, Mech. Eng., vol. 75, pp. 3-8, 1953.
-
Kumar, D.S. and Elansezhian, R., ZnO Nanorefrigerant in R152a Refrigeration System for Energy Conservation and Green Environment, Front. Mech. Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 75-80, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s11465-014-0285-y.
-
Maheshwary, P.B., Handa C.C., and Nemade, K.R., Effect of Shape on Thermophysical and Heat Transfer Properties of ZnO/R-134a Nanorefrigerant, Mater. Today: Proc, vol. 5, no.1, pp. 1635-1639, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.257.
-
Ohunakin, O.S., Adelekan, D.S., Babarinde, T.O., Leramo, R.O., Abam, F.I., and Diarra, C.D., Experimental Investigation of TiO2-, SiO2-, and Al2O3-Lubricants for a Domestic Refrigerator System Using LPG as Working Fluid, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 127, pp. 1469-1477, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.08.153.
-
Ozdemir, M.B. and Ergun, M.E., Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Thermal Performance of Al2O3/Water Nano-fluid for a Combi Boiler with Double Heat Exchangers, Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1300-1321, 2019. DOI: 10.1108/HFF-05-2018-0189.
-
Padmanabhan, V.M.V. and Palanisamy, S., The Use of TiO2 Nanoparticles to Reduce Refrigerator Irreversibility, Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 59, pp. 122-132, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.03.002.
-
Patterson, M.G., What Is Energy Efficiency?: Concepts, Indicators and Methodological Issues, Energy Policy, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 377-390, 1996.
-
Peng, H., Ding, G., and Hu, H., Effect of Surfactant Additives on Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerant-Based Nanofluid, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 960-970, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.01.016.
-
Sabareesh, R.K., Gobinath, N., Sajith, V. Dasa, S., and Sobhan, C.B., Application of TiO2 Nanoparticles as a Lubricant-Additive for Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems-An Experimental Investigation, Int. J. Refrig., vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1989-1996, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.07.002.
-
Sanukrishna, S.S. and Prakash, M.J., Experimental Studies on Thermal and Rheological Behavior of TiO2-PAG Nanolubricant for Refrigeration System, Int. J. Refrig., vol. 86, pp. 356-372, 2018.
-
Sharif, M.Z., Azmi, W.H., Mamat, R., and Shaifuld, A.I.M., Mechanism for Improvement in Refrigeration System Performance by Using Nanorefrigerants and Nanolubricants-A Review, Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 92, pp. 56-63, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.02.012.
-
Sozen, A., Qiftfi, E., Kejel, S., Guru, M., Variyenli, H.I., and Karakaya, U., Usage of a Diatomite-Containing Nanofluid as the Working Fluid in a Wickless Loop Heat Pipe: Experimental and Numerical Study, Heat Transf. Res., vol. 49, no. 17, pp. 1721-1744, 2018a. DOI: 10.1615/HeatTransRes.2018025111.
-
Sozen, A., Guru, M., Khanlari, A., and Qiftfi, E., Experimental and Numerical Study on Enhancement of Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Heat Pipe Utilizing Aqueous Clinoptilolite Nanofluid, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 160, 114001, 2019a.
-
Sozen, A., Guru, M., Menlik, T., Karakaya, U., and Qiftfi, E., Experimental Comparison of Triton X-100 and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Surfactants on Thermal Performance of TiO2-Deionized Water Nanofluid in a Thermosiphon, Exp. Heat Transf., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 450-469, 2018b. DOI: 10.1080/08916152.2018.1445673.
-
Sozen, A., Khanlari, A., and Qiftfi, E., Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Nanofluid Usage in a Plate Heat Exchanger for Performance Improvement, Int. J. Renew. Energy Devel., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 27-32, 2019b. DOI: 10.14710/ijred.8.1.27-32.
-
Sozen, A., Khanlari, A., and Qiftfi, E., Heat Transfer Enhancement of Plate Heat Exchanger Utilizing Kaolin-Including Working Fluid, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A: J. Power Energy, vol. 233, no. 5, pp. 626-634, 2019c. DOI: 10.1177/0957650919832445.
-
Sozen, A., Menlik, T., Guru, M., Irmak, A.F., Kilif, F., and Aktas, M., Utilization of Fly Ash Nanofluids in Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon for Enhancing Heat Transfer, Exp. Heat Transf., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 337-354, 2016. DOI: 10.1080/08916152.2014.976724.
-
Sozen, A., Ozturk, A., Ozalp, M., and Qiftfi, E., Influences of Alumina and Fly Ash Nanofluid Usage on the Performance of Recuperator Including Heat Pipe Bundle, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 5095-5100, 2019d. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-018-1832-6.
-
Thamaphat, K., Limsuwan, P., and Ngotawornchai, B., Phase Characterization of TiO2 Powder by XRD and TEM, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 357-361, 2008.
-
Yusof, T.M., Arshad, A.M., Suziyana, M.D., Chui, L.G., and Basrawi, M.F., Experimental Study of a Domestic Refrigerator with POE-Al2O3 Nanolubricant, Int. J. Automotive Mech. Eng., vol. 11, pp. 2243-2252, 2015. DOI: 10.15282/ijame.11.2015.7.0188.
-
Yuzer, S.N., Investigation of the Relationship between Lubricating Oil and Coolant in Refrigerator Compressors, Masters, ITU, 2005.
-
Zawawi, N.N.M., Azmi, W.H., Redhwan, A.A.M., Sharif, M.Z., and Sharma, K.V., Thermo-Physical Properties of Al2O3-SiO2/PAG Composite Nanolubricant for Refrigeration System, Int. J. Refrig., vol. 80, pp. 1-10, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.04.024.
-
Zhang, J.Y., Boyd, I.W., O'sullivan, B.J., Hurley, P.K., Kelly, P.V., and Senateur, J.P., Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films Studied by Optical, XRD and FTIR Spectroscopy, J. Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 303, no. 1, pp. 134-138, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3093(02)00973-0.
-
Akkaya Mustafa, Menlik Tayfun, Sözen Adnan, Gürü Metin, The Effects of Triton X-100 and Tween 80 Surfactants on the Thermal Performance of a Nano-Lubricant: An Experimental Study, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, 8, 3, 2021. Crossref
-
Riedesel Shawn, Kaur Rajpreet, Bakshi Mandeep Singh, Distinguishing Nanoparticle–Nanoparticle Interactions between Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Controlled by Gemini Surfactants: Stability of Nanocolloids, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125, 9, 2021. Crossref
-
AKKAYA Mustafa, ZnO-MoO3 Nanopartikülleri ve PAG Yağı ile Hazırlanan Nanoyağlayıcıların Termal Analizi, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021. Crossref
-
Babat Rand Ahmed Adeeb, Martin Kerim, Çiftçi Erdem, Sözen Adnan, Experimental study on the utilization of magnetic nanofluids in an air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger, Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021. Crossref
-
Ozturk Teoman, Sarilmaz Adem, Akin Seckin, Dursun Huseyin, Ozel Faruk, Akman Erdi, Quinary Nanocrystal‐Based Passivation Strategy for High Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics, Solar RRL, 6, 1, 2022. Crossref
-
Hashemi Seyed Masoud, Maleki Ali, Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein, The effect of some metal oxide nanocomposites on the pulsating heat pipe performance, Energy Reports, 7, 2021. Crossref
-
Akkaya Mustafa, Yurtdaş Semih, The impacts of synthesized Ag doped ZnO nano-materials on the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2022. Crossref
-
Akman Erdi, Karapinar Hacer Sibel, Electrochemically stable, cost-effective and facile produced selenium@activated carbon composite counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells, Solar Energy, 234, 2022. Crossref
-
Akkaya Mustafa, Usage of Graphene-Doped Tin Oxide Hybrid Nanocomposites in Compressor and Electromagnetic Modeling for Single-Phase Compressor Motor, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2022. Crossref
-
Akkaya Mustafa, An effective strategy for decreased energy consumption by using Fe3O4 + CeO2 @ POE in Cooling system, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, 236, 5, 2022. Crossref
-
Akkaya Mustafa, Sarilmaz Adem , Menlik Tayfun, Ozel Faruk , ENERGY ANALYSIS OF SiC-Si3N4 @ POE AND SiC-Si3N4 @ R134a BASED COOLING SYSTEMS , Heat Transfer Research, 54, 2, 2023. Crossref