RT Journal Article ID 10b0ce473555f927 A1 de Lima, Marcos Antonio Pereira A1 Teodoro, Ilara Parente Pinheiro A1 da Silva, Cláudio Gleidiston Lima A1 Lima, Marcos Venício Alves T1 Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in Oral and Anogenital Carcinogenesis: Potential Tumorigenic Pathways JF Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis JO CRO YR 2019 FD 2020-01-17 VO 24 IS 4 SP 403 OP 413 K1 carcinogenesis K1 Epstein-Barr virus K1 human papillomavirus K1 tumorigenic signaling pathway K1 viral interplay AB Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated in 38% of all virus-related cancers. Over the past three decades, both have been detected in anogenital and head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), with evidence of involvement in tumor genesis and progression. Very little has been published on HPV/EBV coinfection. In this chapter, we review the literature on the role of these viruses in oral carcinoma and draw parallels with other HNSCCs and anogenital carcinomas, with emphasis on their interplay and potential signaling pathways. EBV infection seems to create an environment that favors HPV latency, supporting the claim that EBV is a cofactor in HPV-related carcinomas. In turn, under certain circumstances, HPV appears to be able to induce EBV to switch to the latent or replicative state. The main viral oncogenes expressed in these malignancies are EBNA1, EBNA2, LMP1, EBERs, and the high-risk HPV oncogenes E6 and E7. The most well-documented human proteins involved are p53, pRb, p16INK4a, p19ARF, Myc, E-cadherin, β-catenin, EGFR, MLH1, and COX-2. These proteins are directly associated not only with viral products but also with one another in the development of malignancy. Knowledge of the molecular machinery behind carcinomas coinfected with HPV and EBV may help understand how these viruses trigger carcinogenesis and subsidize the development of new biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness and prognosis, alternative surrogate virus markers, and possible therapeutic targets. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/439f422d0783386a,7201abfe54b9dad8,10b0ce473555f927.html