RT Journal Article ID 5c3efd7d6612e435 A1 Gupta, Anuradha A1 Pandya, Sanketkumar M. A1 Mohammad, Imran A1 Agrawal, Atul Kumar A1 Mohan, Mradul A1 Misra, Amit T1 Particulate Pulmonary Delivery Systems Containing Anti-Tuberculosis Agents JF Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems JO CRT YR 2013 FD 2013-05-03 VO 30 IS 4 SP 277 OP 291 K1 inhalable; respirable; microspheres; microparticles; nanoparticles; rifampin; Isoniazid; lungs; alveolar macrophages; Mycobacterium tuberculosis AB There is renewed interest in delivering anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs to the lungs by inhalation. Several groups have investigated particulate pulmonary drug delivery formulations containing anti-TB agents, prepared using a variety of design approaches and processes. This review summarizes trends that indicate feasibility and translation of research efforts aimed at developing inhaled therapies for TB. Whereas formulations intended for reconstitution as solutions prior to nebulization can be produced with relative ease, particle engineering for powder formulations is more specialized. Spray drying and emulsion methods used to prepare particulate pulmonary delivery systems of anti-TB agents are compared. Pharmaceutical characterization is outlined. Administration of repeated inhalations to laboratory animals, especially under Animal Biosafety Level-3 (ABSL-3) containment as required for TB research, is another major challenge. Techniques employed by different groups are reviewed in the context of suitability for drug delivery and amenability towards use in ABSL-3 settings. It is concluded that spray drying is suitable for production of inhalable particles, rigorous physicochemical characterization is necessary for developing inhaled therapies as drug products, and pulmonary delivery of formulations containing anti-TB drugs to animals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can best be carried out using handheld devices. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/3667c4ae6e8fd136,38d647663ccd959a,5c3efd7d6612e435.html