RT Journal Article ID 735c2f50355bafc1 A1 Oon, C. S. A1 Amiri, Ahmad A1 Chew, B. T. A1 Kazi, S. N. A1 Shaw, A. A1 Al-Shamma'a, A. T1 INCREASE IN CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER OVER A BACKWARD-FACING STEP IMMERSED IN A WATER-BASED TiO2 NANOFLUID JF Heat Transfer Research JO HTR YR 2018 FD 2018-07-31 VO 49 IS 15 SP 1419 OP 1429 K1 heat transfer K1 computational fluid dynamics K1 TiO2 K1 nanofluid AB Investigation of flow separation and reattachment of 0.2% water-based TiO2 nanofluid in an annular suddenly expanding pipe is presented in this paper. Such flows occur in various engineering and heat transfer applications. A computational fluid dynamics package (FLUENT) is used to study turbulent nanofluid flow in this research. Only a quarter of an annular pipe was investigated and simulated because of its symmetrical geometry. Standard k–ε second-order implicit, pressure based-solver equations are applied. Reynolds numbers between 17,050 and 44,545, step height ratio of 1.82, and a constant heat flux of 49,050 W/m2 were utilized in simulation. The numerical simulation results show that increase in the Reynolds number leads to an increase of the heat transfer coefficient and of the Nusselt number. Moreover, the surface temperature dropped to its lowest value after the expansion and then gradually increased along the pipe. Finally, the chaotic movement and high thermal conductivity of the TiO2 nanoparticles have contributed to the overall heat transfer enhancement of the nanofluid. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/46784ef93dddff27,1cac9afc1a566f6a,735c2f50355bafc1.html