RT Journal Article ID 7bc9cd7300eba993 A1 Radford, Felix A1 Tyagi, Sanjay A1 Gennaro, Maria Laura A1 Pine, Richard A1 Bushkin, Yuri T1 Flow Cytometric Characterization of Antigen-Specific T Cells Based on RNA and Its Advantages in Detecting Infections and Immunological Disorders JF Critical Reviews™ in Immunology JO CRI YR 2016 FD 2017-04-26 VO 36 IS 5 SP 359 OP 378 K1 Infectious diseases K1 single-cell gene expression K1 immune signatures K1 FISH-Flow AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization coupled with flow cytometry (FISH-Flow) is a highly quantitative, high-throughput platform allowing precise quantification of total mRNA transcripts in single cells. In undiagnosed infections posing a significant health burden worldwide, such as latent tuberculosis or asymptomatic recurrent malaria, an important challenge is to develop accurate diagnostic tools. Antigen-specific T cells create a persistent memory to pathogens, making them useful for diagnosis of infection. Stimulation of memory response initiates T-cell transitions between functional states. Numerous studies have shown that changes in protein levels lag real-time T-cell transitions. However, analysis at the single-cell transcriptional level can determine the differences. FISH-Flow is a powerful tool with which to study the functional states of T-cell subsets and to identify the gene expression profiles of antigen-specific T cells during disease progression. Advances in instrumentation, fluorophores, and FISH methodologies will broaden and deepen the use of FISH-Flow, changing the immunological field by allowing determination of functional immune signatures at the mRNA level and the development of new diagnostic tools. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/2ff21abf44b19838,2d23ffc118cb44b4,7bc9cd7300eba993.html