ABSTRAKT

It has been shown that the values of the LC₅₀ of phenol to various representatives of Crustacea (Branchiopoda, Ostracoda, Phyllopoda, Copepoda, and Malacostraca) vary over a wide range from 1 to 200 mg/L. Among estuarine and marine Crustacea, some species of the family Mysidae and Penaeus chinensis (Penaeidae) larvae proved to be the most sensitive organisms to the influence of phenol. The animals with the functionally mature sense of smell are capable to avoid sub-lethal solutions of phenol. At the same time, nontoxic solutions of phenol can attract them. Within the specified range of toxic concentrations, the capability to avoid pollutants increases with increasing the duration of exposure. However, long-term contact or preliminary exposure can disrupt this capability. Sexually mature animals are characterized by the most effective capability to avoid phenol. Within a wide range of concentrations (0.001−1 mg/L), phenol can inhibit the impulse activity of the chemosensory neurons. At the acute concentrations of phenol (10−100 mg/L), the intensity of this property increases.