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ISSN Druckformat: 1521-9437
ISSN Online: 1940-4344
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Cooperative Effect of the Lipopolysaccharide and Culinary-Medicinal Cauliflower Mushroom Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) Fr. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)-Derived β-Glucan on Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by the Murine Macrophage Cell Line
ABSTRAKT
β-Glucans act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which can bind to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on a macrophage or dendritic cell. Many kinds of mushroom β-glucans act as PAMPs and can bind to dectin-1 as one of the PRRs. High-molecular-weight β-glucans or intestinal normal microbiota can be transported through lumen epithelial cells, resulting in the stimulation of a macrophage in Peyer's patch. To study the involvement of TLR4 in the stimulation of dectin-1, the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was stimulated using the β-glucan of Sparassis crispa (BGS) as well as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a TLR4 ligand. The induction of IL-6 and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs was increased in a BGS and TNF-α concentration-dependent pattern. The increases of the TNF-α and IL-6 secretions after their treatment with 10 μg/mL BGS were found to be 204- and 420-fold, which are much higher, compared to those of the control. Moreover, the secretions of such cytokines were further increased by the presence of LPS, indicating the involvement of TLR4 in the signaling by dectin-1 with BGS. The secretion of nitric oxide (NO) was increased by BGS. These results show that BGS stimulated innate immunity by activating the macrophages through the induction of the dectin-1 receptor and the inflammatory cytokines. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines was influenced by TLR4 stimulation.
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