RT Journal Article ID 34cb7f8247f4c241 A1 Torti, Suzy V. A1 Torti, Frank M. T1 Cellular Iron Metabolism in Prognosis and Therapy of Breast Cancer JF Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis JO CRO YR 2013 FD 2013-07-19 VO 18 IS 5 SP 435 OP 448 K1 iron K1 breast cancer K1 estrogen AB Despite many recent advances, breast cancer remains a clinical challenge. Current issues include improving prognostic evaluation and increasing therapeutic options for women whose tumors are refractory to current frontline therapies. Iron metabolism is frequently disrupted in breast cancer, and may offer an opportunity to address these challenges. Iron enhances breast tumor initiation, growth and metastases. Iron may contribute to breast tumor initiation by promoting redox cycling of estrogen metabolites. Up-regulation of iron import and down-regulation of iron export may enable breast cancer cells to acquire and retain excess iron. Alterations in iron metabolism in macrophages and other cells of the tumor microenvironment may also foster breast tumor growth. Expression of iron metabolic genes in breast tumors is predictive of breast cancer prognosis. Iron chelators and other strategies designed to limit iron may have therapeutic value in breast cancer. The dependence of breast cancer on iron presents rich opportunities for improved prognostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/439f422d0783386a,21b151510acf6712,34cb7f8247f4c241.html