RT Journal Article ID 1c1d4f1f237a0e1d A1 Grant, Emma J. A1 Chen, Li A1 Quinones-Parra, Sergio A1 Pang, Ken A1 Kedzierska, Katherine A1 Chen, Weisan T1 T-Cell Immunity to Influenza A Viruses JF Critical Reviews™ in Immunology JO CRI YR 2014 FD 2014-01-17 VO 34 IS 1 SP 15 OP 39 K1 influenza K1 T cell K1 epitope K1 HLA K1 vaccine AB Influenza infection remains a global threat to human health. Influenza viruses are normally controlled by antibodies specific for the surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Standard influenza vaccines are aimed at inducing these antibodies, but they must be administered annually and can be rendered ineffective since different strains circulate from year to year and vary considerably in their individual HA and NA profiles. Influenza-specific T cells have been shown to be protective in animal models and typically recognize the more conserved internal influenza proteins. Improving our understanding of influenza-specific T-cell responses, including immunodominance, specific epitope sequences, strain-related epitope variation, host/virus interaction, and the balance between immunity versus immunopathology, will be important to improve future T-cell-based vaccines, which promise broader strain coverage and longer-lasting protection than current standard vaccines. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/2ff21abf44b19838,4841bae138dd5eca,1c1d4f1f237a0e1d.html