RT Journal Article ID 3d53d04e156eb60d A1 Durand, Louis-Gilles A1 Pibarot, Philippe T1 Review: Most Recent Advancements in Digital Signal Processing of the Phonocardiogram JF Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering JO CRB YR 2017 FD 2018-01-01 VO 45 IS 1-6 SP 321 OP 365 K1 digital phonocardiography K1 heart auscultation K1 prosthetic heart valve K1 spectral analysis K1 time-frequency representation K1 cardiac acoustic mapping AB The objective of the present paper is to provide a detailed review of the most recent developments in instrumentation and signal processing of digital phonocardiography and heart auscultation. After a short introduction, the paper presents a brief history of heart auscultation and phonocardiography, which is followed by a summary of the basic theories and controversies regarding the genesis of the heart sounds. The application of spectral analysis and the potential of new time-frequency representations and cardiac acoustic mapping to resolve the controversies and better understand the genesis and transmission of heart sounds and murmurs within the heart-thorax acoustic system are reviewed. The most recent developments in the application of linear predictive coding, spectral analysis, time-frequency representation techniques, and pattern recognition for the detection and follow-up of native and prosthetic valve degeneration and dysfunction are also presented in detail. New areas of research and clinical applications and areas of potential future developments are then highlighted. The Final section is a discussion about a multidegree of freedom theory on the origin of the heart sounds and murmurs, which is completed by the authors' conclusion. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/4b27cbfc562e21b8,24f1531450c9f74a,3d53d04e156eb60d.html