Publication de 6 numéros par an
ISSN Imprimer: 2150-766X
ISSN En ligne: 2150-7678
Indexed in
COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF HAN-BASED LIQUID MONOPROPELLANT
RÉSUMÉ
A new composition of the hydroxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN)-based solution containing ammonium nitrate, methanol, and water had been developed for monopropellant in a reaction control system (RCS) as an alternative to conventional hydrazine. Comparing this solution with hydrazine, Isp is 20% higher, density is 1.4 times, the freezing point is much lower, and the toxicity is low, which makes this solution promising as a RCS propellant. The linear burning rate of the solution is moderate at the operating pressures of an RCS thruster. However, it was found that the linear burning rate had some characteristics whose mechanisms had not been understood. The combustion mechanism of this solution was investigated, the burning behavior was observed using a medium speed camera, and a temperature profile for the combustion wave was measured with a fine 2.5 μm-diameter thermocouple. From these results, the instability of the liquid interface may trigger a sudden increase in the burning rate to a violently high region, and methanol was found to be effective in reducing the bubble growth rate in the solution. For RCS thruster use, reactivity with several catalysts was evaluated in an open-cup test. Consequently, the S405 catalyst for hydrazine showed the best performance among Pt-based, Pd-based, Ru-based, Ir-based, and S405 catalysts. Thruster tests were conducted successfully using S405 in both the pulsing and continuous modes. As a result, it was found that S405 has little effect in activation of the reaction of methanol contained in the propellant. High-concentration Pd catalyst was found to improve the decomposition characteristic of the solution.
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Harlow, D.G., Felt, R.E., Agnew, S., Barney, G.S., Malvyn McKibben, J., Garber, R., and Lewis, M., Technical Report on Hydroxylamine Nitrate.
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Togo, S., Hori, K., and Shibamoto, H., Improvement of HAN-Based Liquid Monopropellant Combustion Characteristics.
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Zhu, D.L. and Law, C.K., Aerothermochemical Studies of Energetic Liquid Material.
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Vosen, S.R., Concentration and Pressure Effects on the Decomposition Rate of Aqueous Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Solution.
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Vosen, S.R., Hydroxylammonium Nitrate-Based Liquid Propellant Combustion.
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Wucherer, E.J., Christofferson, S., and Reed, B., Assessment of High Performance HAN-Monopropellants.
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Chang, Y.P. and Kuo, K.K., Assessment of Combustion Characteristics and Mechanism of a HAN-Based Liquid Monopropellant.
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Chang, Y.P., Josten, J.K., Zhang, B.Q., Reed, B.D., and Kuo, K.K., Combustion Characteristics of Energetic HAN/Methanol-Based Monopropellants.
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Lee, H.S. and Litzinger, T.A., Chemical Kinetic Study of HAN Decomposition.
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Amariei, D., Rossignol, S., and Kappenstein, C., Reaction Balance from Thermal and Catalytic Decomposition of HAN Solutions.
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Stralen, S.V. and Cole, R., Boiling Phenomena.
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Chang, Y.P., Combustion Behavior of HAN-Based Liquid Propellants.
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Hara, S., Xu, W.C., Sakai, K., and Itoh, N., Kinetics and Hydrogen Removal Effect for Methanol Decomposition.
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Yuan, W., Hansen, A.C., and Zhang, Q., Vapor Pressure and Normal Boiling Point Prediction for Pure Methyl Esters and Biodiesel Fuels.
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Holmes, H.J. and van Winkle, M., Prediction of Ternary Vapor-Liquid Equilibria from Binary Data.
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Katsumi T., Inoue T., Nakatsuka J., Hasegawa K., Kobayashi K., Sawai Sh., Hori K., HAN-based green propellant, application, and its combustion mechanism, Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 48, 5, 2012. Crossref
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Kakami Akira, Ishibashi Takuya, Ideta Keisuke, Tachibana Takeshi, One-Newton class thruster using arc discharge assisted combustion of nitrous oxide/ethanol bipropellant, Vacuum, 110, 2014. Crossref
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Atamanov M., Amrousse R., Jandosov J., Hori K., Kerimkulova A., Chenchik D., Kolesnikov B., Combustion Characteristics of HAN-based Green Propellant Assisted with Nanoporous Active Carbons, Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, 19, 3, 2017. Crossref
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Kakami Akira, Kuranaga Atsushi, Yano Yasuyuki, Premixing-type liquefied gas bipropellant thruster using nitrous oxide/dimethyl ether, Aerospace Science and Technology, 94, 2019. Crossref
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Esparza Alan A., Shafirovich Evgeny, Thermoanalytical Study of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate Decomposition at High Pressures, AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum, 2019. Crossref
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Nosseir Ahmed E. S., Cervone Angelo, Pasini Angelo, Review of State-of-the-Art Green Monopropellants: For Propulsion Systems Analysts and Designers, Aerospace, 8, 1, 2021. Crossref