RT Journal Article ID 7163c9cd783f47b3 A1 Otchere, Justice A1 Hamby, Donald A1 Strum, Scott T1 Heterotopic Ossification: A Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management JF Critical Reviews™ in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine JO CRP YR 2015 FD 2016-07-29 VO 27 IS 2-4 SP 123 OP 133 AB Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of ectopic bone outside of skeletal tissue that is usually periarticular in nature. Often, but not always, it is associated with upper motor neuron lesions such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and stroke but has been observed after major surgeries such as total hip arthroplasty and complicated elbow fractures requiring surgical intervention. Complications that can arise from HO include neurovascular impingement, compromised range of motion (ROM) of a joint, predisposition to infection, complex regional pain syndrome, and predisposition to pressure ulcer formation. Functional implications of decreased ROM of joints in rehabilitation can result in impairment of the following transfers: mobility, gait, activities of daily living, and hygienic maintenance. The primary goal of treatment focuses on halting progression, reducing caregiver burden, and maximizing joint function. Nonsurgical treatment is indicated when the disease process is diagnosed early and the affected joint is not significantly compromised. Surgical indications for HO include reduction in ROM that compromises functionality and hygienic maintenance. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/757fcb0219d89390,4d38c98638323e90,7163c9cd783f47b3.html