Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment
IJECE
2150-3621
12
2-4
2011
CLEAN ENERGY FROM THE AMBIENT AIR
vii
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2013007418
John R.
Lloyd
Mechanical and Astronautical Engineering Naval Postgraduate School
Yaroslav
Chudnovsky
GTI Energy, Des Plaines, IL 60018
clean energy
m-cycle
thermodynamics
indirect evaporative cooling
Preface for the IJECE Special Issue (Guest Editor - Dr. V.Maisotsenko)
ANALYSIS OF THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE BASED COOLING SYSTEM FOR ACCUMULATOR BATTERIES
95-99
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005979
Manap A.
Khazhmuradov
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Dmitriy V.
Fedorchenko
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Yegor V.
Rudychev
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Sergej
Martynov
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Alexander
Zakharchenko
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Svetlana
Prokhorets
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Anna I.
Skrypnyk
National Science Center "Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology"
Mikhail
Krugol
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Anatoliy
Yurkin
NSC Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
Alexey A.
Lukhanin
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Oleksandr
Lukhanin
Kharkov institute of physics and technology, 1, Akademicheskaya St., Kharkov, 61108, Ukraine
Andrey A.
Belyaev
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Evgenij A.
Sporov
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Viktor F.
Popov
National Scientific Center "Kharkiv Physical and Technological Institute",1, Academicheskaya St., Kharkiv, 61108, Ukraine
Maisotsenko cycle
evaporation
heat exchanger
cooling system
accumulator battery
A Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) application for accumulator battery cooling is considered. M-cycle thermodynamics for cooling systems are analyzed and required working parameters of the inlet air cooling module are calculated. The advantages and drawbacks of M-cycle–based heat exchangers for electric vehicle accumulator battery cooling systems are discussed.
EVALUATING COOLERADO CORPORTION'S HEATâ€MASS EXCHANGER PERFORMANCE THROUGH EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
101-116
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005839
Daniel
Zube
Coolerado Corporation
Leland
Gillan
Idalex Inc., 3980 Quebec Street, Denver, Colorado 80207, USA
Maisotsenko cycle
high-efficiency air conditioning
indirect evaporative cooling
heat transfer
mass flow rate
evaporation rate
The innovative thermodynamic cycle known as the Maisotsenko cycle has provided a foundation from which many energy-efficient technologies have emerged in recent years. One of these technologies utilizes the benefits of indirect evaporative cooling to design, manufacture, and sell high-efficiency air conditioning systems around the world. At the core of these air conditioning systems is the heat-mass exchanger, which is capable of producing unprecedented air temperature reductions while also satisfying critical air flow-rate requirements. In an attempt to better understand the fundamental physics occurring inside the heat-mass exchanger, an experiment is
conducted to measure internal pressures and temperatures for a chosen set of complementary product and exhaust channels. This is done by dividing each set of channels into a two-dimensional grid and collecting measurements at each node location. Once this data is obtained, it is
processed and analyzed to evaluate performance based on three critical parameters: heat transfer, mass flow, and evaporation. Each of these parameters are then averaged based on the grid resolution and presented according to their x−y location within the heat-mass exchanger. A corresponding psychrometric analysis is then performed relative to the same two-dimensional grid, which provides a complementary perspective into the cooling process. Test results reveal a practical understanding of functionality and identify areas of improvement while recognizing the
benefits of future design optimization.
ELECTROSTATIC ENFORCEMENT OF HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE MAISOTSENKOâ€CYCLE SYSTEM
117-127
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005850
Michael
Reznikov
Physical Optics Corporation
dielectrophoresis
polarization
nucleation
evaporation
phase change
Maisotsenko cycle
Considering the Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) for open systems, enforcement of the heat exchange by the electrohydrodynamic driving of working fluid and dielectrophoretic nucleation in the phase change are evaluated. Theoretical modeling for both phenomena is supported by experimental data. The thermodynamic balance of energy is analyzed with a goal to reveal optimal conditions and conceptual limitations for examples of such systems as energy-efficient indirect evaporative air coolers and low-temperature condensers of geothermal heat machines.
EVALUATION OF THE MAISOTSENKO POWER CYCLE THERMODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY
129-139
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005808
Ilya
Reyzin
Creative Design of WNY, Inc., 3960 Slusaric Road, North Tonawanda, New York 14120, USA
M-power cycle
thermodynamic efficiency
humidifying recuperator
Fuel economy and pollution reduction are becoming more and more important issues from year to year. Companies and governments with practically unlimited resources are heavily investing in heat recovery technologies, struggling for every percent of efficiency. The Maisotsenko power cycle (M-power cycle) is one of the most promising heat recovery technologies to solve these
problems. This paper includes the concept of M-power cycle for turbine engines through the Idalex humidifying air recuperator and validation of M-power cycle benefits based on the heat and mass exchanger test results and data from the HAT cycle. Provided analysis confirms the
M-cycle's unique heat recovery capabilities and indicates that the thermodynamic efficiency of a turbine engine utilizing an M-power cycle could reach 80%, significantly higher than the efficiency of Brayton engines and even combining cycles.
PROSPECTS OF THE MAISOTSENKO THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE APPLICATION IN UKRAINE
141-157
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005916
Artem
Khalatov
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of NAS of Ukraine
Igor
Karp
Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 39 Degtyarivska St., 03113 Kiev, Ukraine
B.
Isakov
The Gas Turbine Research and Production Complex Zorya-Mashproekt
indirect evaporative cooling
dew point
wet bulb
psychrometric chart
humidification
gas turbine
The fast growth in organic fuel cost and progressive ambient contamination pushes researchers to search for alternative energy sources. As was recently revealed, the atmospheric air, containing dry gases (O2, N2, others) and water vapor can be considered as an inexhaustible energy source available almost throughout the world. In the adiabatic water-in-air evaporation the latent heat is extracted from air providing the air enthalpy reduction. The nonequilibrium in form of the temperature difference between wet ambient air and air making contact with evaporated
water (psychrometric temperature difference, or temperature difference between dry and wet bulb
temperatures) can be used as an energy source. Before investigations of American scientist Professor Valeriy Maisotsenko (former citizen of Ukraine), due to a little magnitude, the psychrometric temperature difference was not applied in practice. He was the first researcher who paid attention to how the psychrometric temperature difference can be used in various applications.
This paper considers potential applications of M-Cycle in Ukraine in power and heat-and-mass transfer technologies.
ADVANCED COOLING TOWER CONCEPT BASED ON THE MAISOTSENKOâ€CYCLE − AN EXERGETIC EVALUATION
159-173
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012006013
Tatiana
Morosuk
Technical University Berlin
George
Tsatsaronis
Institute for Energy Engineering, Technical University Berlin
humid air
indirect evaporative cooling
cooling tower
M-cycle
exergetic analysis
The Maisotsenko-cycle (M-cycle) is a complex process associated with humid air. Heat transfer and evaporative cooling occur in a unique indirect evaporative cooler, resulting in product temperatures that approach dew point temperature. The different applications of the M-cycle contribute to effective energy savings. By enhancing cooling towers with the M-cycle it is possible to
(a) cool water to temperatures approaching dew point temperature and (b) reduce the pressure drop and the required fan power. An exergetic analysis identifies the real thermodynamic inefficiencies and the potential of improvement of energy-conversion systems. This paper discusses the results obtained from a detailed exergetic analysis of the M-cycle applied to a cooling tower. In
the analysis physical and chemical exergies are considered and the physical exergies of all material streams are split into their thermal and mechanical parts. The paper concludes with a sensitivity analysis.
THEORETICAL POSSIBILITY OF THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE APPLICATION TO DECREASE COLD WATER TEMPERATURE IN COOLING TOWERS
175-185
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005876
Boris
Sverdlin
EKOTEP Ltd., Gzhatskaya str., h. 21, lit. A, 195220 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Alexey
Tikhonov
EKOTEP Ltd., Gzhatskaya str., h. 21, lit. A, 195220 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Ritta
Gelfand
EKOTEP Ltd., Gzhatskaya str., h. 21, lit. A, 195220 Saint Petersburg, Russia
cooling tower
wet bulb
dew point
Maisotsenko cycle
In any explanation of cooling tower operation, it is shown that the ambient wet bulb temperature is a physical limit for water cooling. The main advantage of the Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) is the possibility to have the cold water temperature lower than the ambient wet bulb temperature, without violation of any physical principle. The idea is based on the fact that the ambient wet bulb temperature depends not only on the absolute humidity value, but also on a current air temperature. On the contrary, the dew point temperature depends only on the absolute humidity value. If we can provide lower temperature of the air (with the same absolute humidity) at the air inlet of the cooling tower, then the wet bulb temperature for such air will be lower. Therefore, if we can cool the air entering the cooling tower, without the change of its absolute
humidity, it will be possible to cool the water more and, for some conditions, its temperature could be lower than the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air at some distance from the cooling tower. However, the main problem is how to cool the air entering the cooling tower,
very simply and without significant energy consumption. A theoretical possibility to solve this problem by application of the M-cycle is under analysis in this paper.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONPUTATION TECHNIQUES AND DATA GENERALIZATION ON BURNING VELOCITY OF DRY AND HUMIDIFIED INFLAMMABLE GAS FUEL-OXIDANT MIXTURES
187-208
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005742
Boris
Soroka
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
V.
Zgurskyi
Gas Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 39 Degtyarivska Str., Kyiv, 03113, Ukraine
N.
Vorobyov
Gas Institute National Academy of Sciences, 39 Degtyarivska St., 03113 Kiev, Ukraine
adiabatic combustion temperature
ballasted fuel
combustion mechanism
humidified oxidant
laminar burning velocity
low-calorific (LCV) gases
mixture fraction
natural gas
oxy–fuel combustion
preheating temperature
Three various approaches to calculation of the laminar (normal) burning velocity SL (un) of fuel mixtures of different compositions based on two-parametric semiempiric generalization (TPG) and upon a chemical kinetics mechanism have been developed and verified. The first technique (TPG 1) is related to un definition for mixtures of low-calorific gases and their mixtures with
methane as well as to hydrocarbon combustion velocities. The second method (TPG 2) uses the correction factor, for taking into account the preheating mixture temperature and initial pressure (introducing the two simplexes in form of a power law: (Tin/T0)n (Pin/P0)γ. Oxidants used were
air and oxygen-enriched air, both of dry and humidified composition. By our approach an application of GRI-Mech 3.0 combustion mechanism has been modernized and improved proven to make the most universal procedure. Validation of our computed data by a set of predicted un has been performed regarding measured values and appropriate literature sources.
ENERGY SIMULATION RESULTS FOR INDIRECT EVAPORATIVEâ€ASSISTED DX COOLING SYSTEMS
209-220
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005806
James V.
Dirkes II
The Building Performance Team Inc.
Maisotsenko cycle
evaporative cooling
DX
HVAC
EnergyPlus
dry climate
Evaporative cooling systems have been used for millennia and represent an effective, low-energy solution for many applications in dry climates. Recently, hybrid systems have been developed which couple the extremely high energy efficiency of indirect evaporative cooling using the
Maisotsenko cycle with Direct Expansion (DX) cooling. This combination enables the additional cooling and dehumidification capability of a mechanical refrigeration system while dramatically improving overall peak and annual energy use. This paper reviews results of EnergyPlus simulations of indirect evaporative-assisted DX systems (IDEA-DX) applied in dry climates as they
compare to a conventional solution. Peak power use, annual energy consumption, and indoor environmental quality differences will be compared. In addition, field results from equipment which uses this design will be reviewed for a "reality check" of the simulation results.
DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A COMPACT REGENERATIVE EVAPORATIVE COOLER WITH FINNED CHANNELS
221-237
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012006393
Joohyun
Lee
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
Dae-Young
Lee
Thermal/Flow Control Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
regenerative evaporative cooler
hydrophilic porous layer
fin configuration
surface wettedness
Regenerative evaporative cooling is known as an environment-friendly and energy efficient cooling
method. A regenerative evaporative cooler (REC) consisting of dry and wet channels is able to cool down the air stream below the inlet wet-bulb temperature. In the regenerative evaporative cooler, the cooling effect is achieved by redirecting a portion of the air that flows out of the dry channel into the wet channel and spraying water onto the redirected air. In this study, to improve the cooling performance of the regenerative evaporative cooler, optimization of the fin configuration within the channel was carried out and a special coating treatment was developed to improve the surface wettedness in the wet channel. Applying the optimized fin configuration
design with the highly wetting surface treatment, a regenerative evaporative cooler was fabricated and tested to identify the cooling performance improvement and operation characteristics. From the experimental results at the intake condition of 32°C and 40% RH, the supply temperature was measured to be 19°C. The cooling effectiveness based on the inlet dew point temperature was evaluated at 83% which is quite close to the design expectation. The hydrophilic porous layer treatment was found to be very effective, resulting in the improvement of the cooling effectiveness by more than 14%.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF PERFORATED INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE AIR COOLER
239-250
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2013006668
Sergey
Anisimov
Department of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wyspianski Strasse, 50-370, Wroclaw, Republic of Poland
Demis
Pandelidis
Department of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wyspianski Strasse, 50-370, Wroclaw, Republic of Poland
Maisotsenko cycle
indirect evaporative cooling
mathematical model
perforation
This report investigates a mathematical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a perforated regenerative heat exchanger designed using the Maisotsenko cycle. A one-dimensional heat and mass transfer model is developed to perform thermal calculations of the indirect evaporative cooling process, thus quantifying overall heat exchanger performance. This mathematical model accounts for many unique features of the perforated regenerative exchanger, enabling an accurate prediction of performance.
AN ADVANCED EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER THROUGH THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE
251-258
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2013006619
Leland
Gillan
Idalex Inc., 3980 Quebec Street, Denver, Colorado 80207, USA
Alan
Gillan
Idalex Inc., 3980 Quebec Street, Denver, Colorado 80207, USA
Aleksandr
Kozlov
Gas Technology Institute, 1700 South Mount Prospect Road, Des Plaines, Illinois 60076, USA
David C.
Kalensky
Gas Technology Institute, 1700 South Mount Prospect Road, Des Plaines, Illinois 60076, USA
Maisotsenko cycle
M-condenser
evaporative cooling
wet bulb
dew point
psychrometric difference
A prototype evaporative condenser through the Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Condenser), which can significantly improve the energy efficiency of air conditioning and refrigeration, has been developed and proof-of-concept tested. The design incorporates both a micro-extruded channel aluminum tubing technology for refrigerant flow and a cellulose-based sensible heat exchanger that is plastic coated on one side. The M-Condenser was put in a side-by-side comparison to an air-cooled condenser with an energy efficiency ratio (EER) rating of 2.67. Outdoor test temperatures ranged from 26.7°C through 43.3°C, which are consistent with summer temperatures found throughout most of the continental United States. Relative humidity levels, however, ranged from 13.9% to 39.9%, which are typical of the Southwest and drier western regions of the continental United States. In proof-of-concept testing the condenser outperformed a 2.67 EER-rated air-cooled condenser exhibiting an average increase in efficiency of 30% and by as much as 58%.
THE HUMID COMBUSTION TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENT AND TO SAVE THE FUEL: THE WATER VAPOR PUMP AND MAISOTSENKO CYCLES EXAMPLES
259-271
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012006092
Remi
Guillet
combustion
steam
vapor
gas
turbine
air
efficiency
environment
fuel
saving
In the past, water has been used as an anti-knock agent or as an "additive" component to improve combustion efficiency, and to boost the engine. Today, added water can also serve both environmental and energy savings goals. Early in the 1980s a thermodynamic cycle, called the "water vapor pump cycle" (WVP-cycle) was invented. Thanks to this cycle, the useful recovery of heat coming from the condensation of flue gases was applied towards new kinds of heat plants using fuels like the natural gases. By developing the WVP-cycle, and besides the analysis of its energy savings efficiency, we also discovered the correlative reduction of NOx formation, and also discovered the efficiency of humidity transfer between two gas flows. At the same time, other kinds of "humid combustion" were developed, notedly with gas turbines running the "STIG-cycle" and "HAT-cycle," and more recently the "Maisotsenko-cycle" has been described. This paper points out the specific advantages of humid combustion and reminds us what we have learned about the limits of this practice thanks to the WVP-cycle development. Finally, we indicate some useful future developments to fully benefit from the potential offered by humid combustion, in WVP-cycle, in gas turbines running "humid" cycles.
HEAT- AND MASS-TRANSFER PROCESESS IN INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE AIR CONDITIONERS THROUGH THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE
273-286
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005770
Sergey
Anisimov
Department of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wyspianski Strasse, 50-370, Wroclaw, Republic of Poland
Demis
Pandelidis
Department of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wyspianski Strasse, 50-370, Wroclaw, Republic of Poland
Maisotsenko cycle
indirect evaporative cooling
mathematical model
cross-flow recuperator
This report investigates a mathematical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a crossflow heat exchanger designed using the Maisotsenko cycle. This heat exchanger has been recently used in air conditioning units by utilizing the benefits of indirect evaporative cooling. A one-dimensional heat- and mass-transfer model is developed to perform thermal calculations of the indirect evaporative cooling process, thus quantifying overall heat exchanger performance. This mathematical model accounts for many unique features of the cross-flow heat exchanger, enabling an accurate prediction of performance. Results of the model show high efficiency gains that are sensitive to various inlet conditions and allow for estimation of optimum operating conditions, including suitable climatic zones for the proposed unit.
COOLERADO AND MODELING AN APPLICATION OF THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE
287-307
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2013005585
Benjamin
Weerts
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, USA
data centers
indirect evaporative cooling
economizer
PUE
energy savings
heat exchanger
The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) recently replaced its traditional cooling system with a new air conditioning system that utilizes an economizer and Coolerado air conditioning units. These units represent one of the first commercially available applications of the Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Cycle). A data logging system was installed that measured the data center's power consumption before and after the cooling system was replaced. This data was organized and used to prove a 90% cooling energy reduction for the NSIDC. The data logging system also collected temperatures and humidities of inlet and outlet air of a Coolerado air conditioner. After using these data to validate a theoretical model developed by researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the model was used to simulate slightly modified heat and mass exchanger designs of the Coolerado system to improve performance.
Sensitivity analysis was performed and found a few design parameters that are important to the thermodynamic performance of the Coolerado system, while others were proved insignificant. Overall, it was found that the current design performs reasonably well and with minor modifications could perform optimally, as suggested by the theoretical model.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE COMBINED M-CYCLE/EJECTOR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
309-318
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2013005893
Dmytro I.
Buyadgie
Wilson Engineering Technologies, Inc, 3330, Vincent Road, Suite I, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, USA; Wilson, Ejector Technology Lab, 15/13, Mikhailivs'ka street, 65005, Odessa, Ukraine
Olexiy D.
Buyadgie
Wilson Engineering Technologies, Inc, 3330, Vincent Road, Suite I, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, USA
Oleksii
Drakhnia
Wilson, 25, Mikhailovskaya Street, 65005, Odessa, Ukraine; Sustainable Refrigeration Technology Centre, Dvoryanskaya Str. 1/3, Odessa, 65026, Ukraine
Yehor
Sladkovskyi
Wilson, 25, Mikhailovskaya Street, 65005, Odessa, Ukraine; Sustainable Refrigeration Technology Centre, Dvoryanskaya Str. 1/3, Odessa, 65026, Ukraine
Sergiy V.
Artemenko
Computer Engineering Department, V.S. Martynovsky Insititute of Refrigeration, Cryogenic Technologies
and Eco Energetics, Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies,
1/3, Dvoryanskaya Str., Odessa 65026, Ukraine
Andrei
Chamchine
Division of Energy, Fire and Sustainability, School of Engineering, University of Central Lancashire,
Preston PR1 2HE, UK
dew point
evaporative cooling
Maisotsenko cycle
effectiveness
binary fluid
ejector
air cooling
The Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) for air-conditioning technologies offers opportunities for energy conservation and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It also improves the quality of the cooled air without additional inputs for the return air system.
The high efficiency of the M-cycle is observed at low relative humidity of the outside air, which restricts the M-cycle detached application. Obviously, an application of the M-cycle paired with conventional electrically-driven cooling systems will worsen energy characteristics due to the compressor work required. If the ejector refrigerating system (ERS) is combined with the M-cycle, the overall system performance increases as described in this paper. The combination of the M-cycle with ejector-based cooling systems explores application spheres of the M-cycle associated air conditioners.
WAY TO ENERGY ABUNDANCE CAN BE FOUND THROUGH THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE
319-326
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005830
Valeriy
Maisotsenko
4464 Raleigh Ave., Suite 403 Alexandria, Virginia 22304, USA; M-Cycle Corporation, 5628 S. Idalia Street, Centennial, CO 80015, USA
Ilya
Treyger
4464 Raleigh Ave., Suite 403 Alexandria, Virginia 22304, USA
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A MAISOTSENKO CYCLE-BASED ENERGY-EFFICIENT EVAPORATIVE AIR CONDITIONER
327-340
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2013006192
Chandrakant
Wani
Technocrats Institute of Technology, Anand Nagar, Post Piplani, Opp. Hataikheda Dam, Bhopal 462021, India
Satyashree
Ghodke
Technocrats Institute of Technology, Anand Nagar, Post Piplani, Opp. Hataikheda Dam, Bhopal 462021, India
direct and indirect evaporative cooling
evaporative pre-coolers
regenerative IEACs
working and product airstreams
Maisotsenko Cycle
This paper reviews the performance of a new evaporative cooling system based on the Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Cycle). More cooling and comfortable air conditioning are obtained using this new energy-efficient evaporative cooling technology. This technology can deliver cooling air temperatures lower than those obtained by either direct or indirect evaporative cooling systems, without increasing humidity. No water or humidity is added to the primary (or product) air-stream in the process. This approach takes advantage of the thermodynamic properties of air, and it applies both direct and indirect cooling technologies in an innovative cooling system that is drier than direct evaporative cooling and cooler than indirect cooling. The technology also uses much less energy than conventional vapor compression air-conditioning systems and therefore can be a cost- and energy-saving technology. Performance tests have shown that the efficiency of the evaporative cooler using M-Cycle is higher than that of conventional vapor compression cooling systems, while it provides the same amount of cooling. It is suitable for climates having low to average humidity.
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF AN OPEN-CYCLE ADSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM − NUMERAL MODELING OF A FIXED BED DEHUMIDIFICATION UNIT AND THE MAISOTSENKO CYCLE COOLING UNIT
341-354
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2012005977
Takahiko
Miyazaki
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
I.
Nikai
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
Atsushi
Akisawa
Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering (BASE), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
desiccant air conditioning
evaporative cooling
Maisotsenko cycle
natural refrigerant
The study proposes an open-cycle adsorption air-conditioning system, which consists of fixed-bed-type dehumidification units, a plate heat exchanger, and the Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) cooling unit. The system produces cool, dry air for air-conditioning purposes, and it can be driven by low-grade thermal energy, such as waste hot water, or solar thermal energy. The paper describes numerical modeling of the dehumidification unit as well as the M-cycle cooling unit, and the performance of the system is analyzed based on the transitional simulation.