Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion
IJEMCP
2150-766X
12
5
2013
EFFECTS OF INITIAL BULK TEMPERATURES ON A PROPELLANT'S PRESSURE-COUPLED RESPONSE
371-384
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2013005601
Alana
Spurling
NAWCWD China Lake
pressure-coupled response
temperature sensitivity
initial temperature
ZN theory
combustion response modeling
T-burner
The relationship between the burning rate, temperature sensitivity, and initial bulk temperature to a propellant's pressure-coupled response are explored in this paper. A parametric analysis is performed using the Zeldovich−Novozhilov method to illuminate the linkage between a propellant's initial temperature and its resulting pressure-coupled response. Previous testing of an ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant in a temperature conditioned T-burner by the author has shown a direct link between a propellant's initial temperature and its pressure-coupled response. The results from this parametric analysis are compared with these data takenby a temperature-conditioned T-burner. This investigation of this linkage between the initial temperature and pressure-coupled response will show that of all the input parameters, the temperature-sensitivity parameter has the largest effect on the pressure-coupled response.
ANALYSIS OF QUASI-STEADY AND TRANSIENT BURNING OF HYBRID FUELS IN A LABORATORY-SCALE BURNER BY AN OPTICAL TECHNIQUE
385-410
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2013005756
Christian
Paravan
Politecnico di Milano
M.
Manzoni
Space Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 34, via LaMasa, 20156 Milan, Italy
G.
Rambaldi
Space Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 34, via LaMasa, 20156 Milan, Italy
Luigi T.
De Luca
Space Propulsion Laboratory (SPLab), Department of Aerospace Science
and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, I-20156 Milan, Italy
hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)
ballistics
pressure
model
radiation
transient
shutdown
Burning of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene in gaseous oxygen is investigated using a time-resolved optical technique. Combustion tests are performed in a two-dimensional radial micro-burner under quasi-steady and forced transient operating conditions. Under quasi-steady operating conditions, the high initial regression rate at the beginning of the run is followed by a smooth monotonic decrease as combustion proceeds. This behavior is captured by a purposely developed regression rate simulation model. Under forced transient operating conditions, for oxidizer mass flow throttling down, solid fuel exhibits a non-monotonic regression rate response. Earlier phases of the transient are characterized by a noticeable regression rate decrease followed by faint oscillations.
COMPACTION PROPERTIES OF DIAMINOAZOXY FURAZAN (DAAF): A SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDY
411-428
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2013008248
Joseph T.
Mang
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
Elizabeth G.
Francois
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
Stephanie I.
Hagelberg
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
DAAF
porosity
fractal
SANS
Small-angle neutron scattering measurements were performed on the high explosive diaminoazoxy-furazan (DAAF) in order to quantify the void size and morphology as a function of the pressed density and the pre-pressed grain size. DAAF synthesized by different methods, resulting in volume-weighted mean grain sizes (radii) of 45,18, and 4 µm, was studied at pressed densities ranging from 1.583 to 1.682 g/cm3. The void volume is well described as a fractal network of voids with fractally rough interfaces. The mean void size, volume, and surface fractal dimensions were found to be dependent upon the pressed density. Mean void sizes ranged from 0.059 to 0.195 µm, but were correlated over lengths ranging from 2.1 to >9 µm. Volume fractal dimensions ranged between 2.13 and 2.78 and surface fractal dimensions were between 2.061 and 2.589. Methods are discussed by which the mean particle size and crystal density within a pressed sample can be calculated from the small-angle neutron scattering data.
FACTORS INFLUENCING IGNITION AND EXPLOSION CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPLOSIVES UNDER DROP WEIGHT IMPACT
429-446
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2013004244
Qi
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Shaoqiao
Hu
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
explosive safety
impact experiment
drop weight
launching process
Impacting explosive cylinders with a shell of steel by the use of drop weight is the experimental standard to examine the impact sensitivity of explosives in China. Whether the prescriptive experimental parameters in the standard are reasonable or not needs to be investigated. It is difficult to observe the detailed processes of ignition and explosion for the explosive cylinder with a shell of steel under impact of drop weight in the experiment. The detailed information of the ignition and explosion for the impacted explosive cylinders corresponding to the standard experimental condition was investigated by numerical simulation in this study. The numerical results show that the 1.8 cm thickness of shell currently prescribed is most suitable. If the thickness of the steel shell in the impact experiments is less than 1 cm, the experimental results do not simulate the real state conditions of the impacted explosive cylinder in the process of launching. The predicted time initiating explosion (duration from beginning of load impacting the explosive cylinder to initiating explosion) under the standard experimental condition is on the order of 100 µs.
DESTRUCTION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS BY DAVINCH® DETONATION CHAMBER
447-461
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2013005410
Masahiko
Sugimoto
Engineering Department Nuclear & CWD Division Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe, Japan 2-4, Wakinohama-Kaigandori 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, HYOGO, 651-8585, Japan
Masaya
Ueda
Engineering Department Nuclear & CWD Division Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe, Japan 2-4, Wakinohama-Kaigandori 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, HYOGO, 651-8585, Japan
Joseph K.
Asahina
Engineering Department Nuclear & CWD Division Kobe Steel, Ltd., Kobe, Japan 2-4, Wakinohama-Kaigandori 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Kobe, HYOGO, 651-8585, Japan
DAVINCH
DAVINCHlite
DAVINCHfloat
mobile system
destruction on-site implosion
shock-induced chemistry
leak-before-burst
Destruction of munitions including toxic substances by open detonation/open burning becomes more and more difficult due to increasing emphasis on environmental protection. The destruction in a robust chamber utilizing explosive energy is one of the most effective ways to destroy toxic and/or chemical munitions. This paper describes features of a detonation system named DAVINCH® (Detonation of Ammunition in Vacuum INtegrated CHamber), including the feature of chamber construction based on a new American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) design code 2564 on detonation chamber, feature of implosion, and its high destruction efficiency (DE) as well as environmental friendliness. The authors also propose effective and practical mobile systems named DAVINCHlite on land and DAVINCHfloat on the sea, which are on-site destruction systems where the munitions are found.