Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion
IJEMCP
2150-766X
15
1
2016
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CHEMICAL KINETICS FOR METHANE CATALYSIS AND PYROLYSIS
1-24
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2015010818
Nicolas
Gascoin
Univ. Orléans, INSA-CVL, PRISME, EA 4229, 88 boulevard Lahitolle, F18022, Bourges,
France
G.
Fau
INSA Centre Val de Loire, Université d'Orléans, PRISME EA 4229,
Bourges, France
numerical simulation
methane pyrolysis
catalyst
In the framework of the active and regenerative cooling of hypersonic and space structures, a kinetic mechanism should be proposed to investigate numerically the fuel pyrolysis and the coke formation with a possible surface effect (catalytic reactions). This chemical mechanism should be suitable for computational fluid dynamics approach (limited number of species and reactions). For this purpose, this work presents some homogeneous and heterogeneous calculations of methane chemistry with
metallic catalysts in order to test different kinetic schemes. A parametric study is performed and the
behaviors of several reactors are characterized.
EXTRUSION TECHNIQUE FOR EXTRUDED COMPOSITE PROPELLANT GRAIN
25-33
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2015013743
Ashwani K.
Mishra
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune 411 021, India
A. N.
Patil
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune 411 021, India
A. B.
Dange
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune 411 021, India
R. N.
Patkar
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Sutarwadi, Pune-411 021, India
Pawan Kumar
Khanna
Department of Applied Chemistry, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology,
Pune, 411025, India
Seema Dilip
Kakade
High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, Pune, 411021, India
extruded composite propellant (ECP)
extruded double-base
(EDB) propellant
composite propellant (CP)
extrusion
extrusion pressure
extrusion temperature
Extrusion techniques for double-base propellant are well established and are operational worldwide. Indian ordnance factories have facilities to extrude propellants of diameters ranging from 10 to 160 mm, but the extruded composite propellant (ECP) is an entirely new thrust area in the field of composite propellant. The research and development work on ECP is being carried out at the High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL). These are based on high-density thermoplastic elastomers
(TPEs) used as propellant binder with ammonium perchlorate (AP) as the oxidizer and aluminum (Al) as metallic fuel. This class of propellant not only provides higher energy, but also yields higher density impulses. It can also take up higher solid loadings (up to 90%) and has good dimensional stability. The extrusion of ECP with large diameters (Ø 120 mm) has not been reported in literature so far. This paper presents the establishment of an extrusion technique for ECP grains with large
diameters, which is the first of its kind. At the HEMRL, Viton-based ECP has been developed, characterized,
and evaluated. Due to its higher dimensional stability and higher density of the order of 1.97 g/cc, the developed extruded composite propellant obtained by our extrusion technique can have various applications, such as for gas generators, thrusters, and auxiliary motors of advanced missiles.
SHRINKING CORE MODEL TO DESCRIBE METAL PARTICLE OXIDATION FROM THERMAL ANALYSIS DATA
35-48
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2015011379
Stefan
Kelzenberg
Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT
Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Straße 7
76327 Pfinztal
Germany
Norbert
Eisenreich
Fraunhofer Institut fur Chemische Technologie, Pfinztal, Germany
Sebastian
Knapp
Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie ICT, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
Volker
Weiser
Fraunhofer Institut für Chemische Technologie, ICT, Pfinztal, 76327, Germany
metal oxidation
shrinking core model
Jander 3D model
thermogravimetric measurements
The oxidation of metals has widespread applications ranging from microelectronics to surface sciences,
corrosion, and oxygen storage. High energetic materials mainly embody active metal particles, in addition to oxidizers and organic materials. Pyrotechnic compositions are based on metallic particles as well as thermites, which consist of metal-metal oxide combinations with differing metals. During various applications, the metal particles are subjected to reacting atmospheres, the oxidation being the most important result. For example, the conversion of solid energetic material starts
with the phase transition and decomposition to build an oxidizing atmosphere in order to convert the
metallic particles to metal oxide particles. The most important metals form solid oxides even at low
temperatures. In this case, diffusion dominates the reaction in most reaction domains. In addition,
diffusion and reaction may occur simultaneously. The shrinking core model describes a combined
model based on a quasi-steady-state approximation, which assumes a uniform temperature distribution
of the particle that is undergoing reaction. The approach starts with the equation for the static
profile of diffusing oxygen from the surface into a sphere to the reaction front with the metallic fuel
under quasi-static conditions. The conversion of the diffusing oxygen occurs in a first-order reaction
and consumes the oxygen flux completely. A new and more correct method to solve the resulting equation
has been applied to thermogravimetric measurements of aluminum oxidation. Reaction models are verified by the oxidation to γ- or θ-alumina and α-alumina and the kinetic parameters derived and discussed. A nonlinear, least-squares fit of the calculated curves to the measured data resulted in very good agreement.
EFFECTS OF CL-20 ON THE PROPERTIES OF GLYCIDYL AZIDE POLYMER (GAP) SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANT
49-64
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2015012094
Wei Qiang
Pang
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Luigi T.
De Luca
Space Propulsion Laboratory (SPLab), Department of Aerospace Science
and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, I-20156 Milan, Italy
Hui Xiang
Xu
Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, No. 168 Zhangbadonglu, Yanta District,
Xi'an 710065, China
Xue Zhong
Fan
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, People's
Republic of China
Yong Hong
Li
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065 P.R. China
Wu Xi
Xie
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065 P.R. China
Yang
Li
Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065 P.R. China
solid propellant
GAP
CL-20
hazardous properties
combustion characteristics
The microstructures and granularity distributions of HMX and CL-20 particles were analyzed. Three industrial and research-type GAP-based solid propellants containing CL-20 particles, featuring the same nominal composition, were prepared and experimentally tested. The effects of CL-20 particles on the rheological properties, energetic properties, and the hazardous properties of GAP-based solid propellants were investigated. The properties mentioned above were also compared to those propellants
containing HMX. Also, the strand burning rate and the associated combustion properties of propellants were determined. It turned out that the GAP-based propellants containing CL-20 particles can be prepared and cast safely. GAP-based propellants containing CL-20 particles are more sensitive to impact and friction compared to propellants with HMX. However, the addition of CL-20 particles to the propellant formulation can increase the burning rate and affect the combustion behavior, when compared to the reference propellant.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL PBX BY THE ENTRANSY DISSIPATION EXTREMUM PRINCIPLE
65-88
10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2015014428
Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh
Jamalabadi
Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
plastic bonded explosive
thermal design
thermal stability
entransy dissipation extremum principle
This study uses the entransy dissipation extremum principle to optimize the geometry of conductive routes intruded into a cylindrical solid body for thermal cooling of a plastic bonded explosive. Conductive route cooling, which has relatively high thermal conductivity in terms of the heat-generating mediums into which it is introduced, presents itself as a viable passive method of reducing peak operating temperatures. The objective is to minimize the peak temperature caused by self-heating.
Uniform internal heat generation is assumed for the solid body, which has adiabatic conditions on
the outer surfaces and thermal contact with conductive routes. The total volume of the plastic bonded
explosive and the volume of the conductive routes are fixed. The conductive routes are cylindrical
with variable aspect ratios. The optimized geometry and performance are reported as functions of the ratio between the volume of the conductive routes and the plastic bonded explosive volume and the dimensionless parameter that accounts for the thermal conductive ratios. The main results indicate that for fixed conductive mass and thermal conductive ratios, there is an optimal radius-to-length ratio for the conductive routes.