Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment
IJECE
2150-3621
16
1-4
2015
PREFACE: BEYOND THE 2015 TFESC TECHNICAL PROGRAM
vi
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016016310
Yongxin
Tao
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
Yaroslav
Chudnovsky
GTI Energy, Des Plaines, IL 60018
EFFECT OF A MAGNETIC FIELD AT INCLINATION ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COPPER OSCILLATING HEAT PIPES
1-11
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015686
Hamid Reza
Goshayeshi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
copper oscillating heat pipe
Fe2O3
magnetic field
inclination angles
This paper presents the result of experimental investigation concerning the use of Fe2O3 nanoparticles added to kerosene as a working fluid under a magnetic field for a copper oscillating heat pipe with inclination angle of 0° (horizontal), 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° (vertical). The temperature distribution and heat transfer rate on an oscillating heat pipe (OHP) were examined, with magnetic field under different angles. The results showed that the addition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles under a magnetic field improved the thermal performance of OHP, especially at 75°.
MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF NANOPARTICLES TRANSPORT
13-21
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015630
Rachid
Boudhan
Modeling Team in Fluid Mechanics and Environment, LPT, Faculte des Sciences Rabat, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco; Ecole des Mines de Nantes, GEPEA, CNRS, UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France
Kamal
Gueraoui
Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, B.P. 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco
A.
Joubert
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, GEPEA, CNRS, UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France
L.
Le Coq
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, GEPEA, CNRS, UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France
numerical simulation
nanoparticles transport
trajectory analysis
Brownian dynamics
Langevin equation
This study aims at numerical simulation of nanoparticle transport in flue-gas treatment at a waste incineration plant. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of temperature, particle size, and fluid velocity on nanoparticle transport around a single spherical collector considered as a filter medium for nanoparticles filtration. Thus, the stochastic Langevin equation was used to describe the dynamic behavior of particles with account for different forces acting simultaneously on these particles, namely, drag force, gravitational force, and Brownian force. The results indicated, on the one hand, that the effect of temperature on the nanoparticle movement increases with temperature and, on the other hand, that the fluctuation of the particle trajectory is a significant factor in decreasing the particle diameter. Concerning the effect of the fluid velocity, the role of the nanoparticles trajectory becomes more significant the higher the value of the fluid velocity. The results of this work which are expressed as the bivariate velocity and displacement distribution function aim at understanding the experimental filtration efficiency studied in laboratory conditions at two different temperatures and fluid velocities.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE EFFECT OF DISCHARGED HOT WATER ON THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT FROM A THERMAL POWER PLANT
23-28
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015438
Alibek
Issakhov
Department of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, av. al-Farabi 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
stratified medium
Navier-Stokes equation
operational capacities of thermal power plant
finite volume method
Runge-Kutta method
thermal discharge
The paper presents a mathematical model of the thermal load on the aquatic environment under various operational capacities of a thermal power plant. It was solved for an incompressible fluid in a stratified medium by the Navier−Stokes and temperature equations were based on the method of splitting by physical parameters approximated by the finite volume method. The numerical solution of the system of equations was divided into four stages. At the first stage it was assumed that the momentum transfer occurs only by convection and diffusion. The intermediate velocity field was solved by the 5-step Runge−Kutta method. At the second stage, the pressure field was solved by finding the intermediate velocity field. The Poisson equation for the pressure field was solved by the Jacobi method. The third stage assumes that the transfer was carried out only by the pressure gradient. Finally, the fourth stage of the temperature equation was also solved as motion equations by the 5-step Runge−Kutta method. The algorithm was parallelized on a high-performance computer. The obtained numerical results of three-dimensional stratified turbulent flow were compared with experimental data. The basic laws of hydrothermal processes occurring in the reservoir-cooler have revealed approximately qualitatively and quantitatively.
EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POROUS MATERIAL BY NONDESTRUCTIVE ELECTRICAL METHODS
29-42
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015462
Abderrahmane
Merioua
EOLE Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Tlemcen University, Algeria, BP 230 CHETOUANE Tlemcen 13000, ALGERIE
Abdelillah
Bezzar
EOLE Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Tlemcen University, Algeria, BP 230 CHETOUANE Tlemcen 13000, ALGERIE
Fouad
Ghomari
EOLE Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, Tlemcen University, Algeria, BP 230 CHETOUANE Tlemcen 13000, ALGERIE
nondestructive
diffusion
porosity
tortuosity
electrical method
choride
Long-term performance of a material used in the civil engineering (i.e., concrete or clay liners) should be studied preferably using in situ, nondestructive monitoring techniques. A nondestructive electrical test was carried out for a material with porosity varying between 0.1−0.4 in a continuous concentration diffusion of NaCl electrolyte. The work reported studied the spaciotemporal variation of the electrical conductivity (EC) in a diffusion column. The relationship between the interstitial pore fluid concentration of this material and the electrical conductivity of the solution has been established. The electrical conductivity of compacted specimens was measured with a two-electrode cell. A strong correlation was noted between the electrical conductivity and the porosity of the granular materials tasted, where the most important values were found for the high-porosity media. An exponential relationship between the chloride concentration and the EC has been established, and therefore it has been concluded that it is actually possible to estimate, at any time, the proportion of NaCl chlorine in a porous medium through simple electrical measurement. An important step in this work was the evaluation of the diffusion coefficient. Indeed, a multitude of tests have made it possible to confirm the efficiency of the chosen method in determining the porosity and diffusion coefficient through tortuosity. This work also permitted one to see the influence of tortuosity on the diffusion phenomena. The higher the tortuosity, the faster the diffusion, which offers a higher diffusion coefficient.
VIRTUAL THERMAL ENERGY METER
43-60
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015562
Mikhail
Gorbounov
United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA
Jinliang
Wang
United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA
Shui
Yuan
United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA
Hayden
Reeve
United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA
thermal metering
air handling units (AHU)
BTU meter
energy monitoring
variable air volume (VAV)
chilled water system
Thermal energy metering is a key enabler for improving the building energy efficiency and reducing the building operation costs. Unfortunately, current thermal energy meters that could be deployed for providing AHU-level metering rely on high-cost fluid flow rate measurement devices that reduce their adoption. The cost reduction of thermal metering will support the adoption and effectiveness of building commissioning and energy monitoring, optimal controls, and diagnostics. A low-cost flow rate estimation method has been developed by integrating the physics-based flow network modeling and data-driven statistical mapping techniques. In comparison with the current thermal energy metering technologies, this method not only significantly reduces the costs of material and installation, but also has a potential to reduce costs in commissioning and operation. Furthermore, it can be directly integrated into the building real-time intelligent monitoring and diagnostics systems. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated in two buildings: a UTRC office building and West Chester University's Swope School of Music building.
STUDY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF A SINGLE POLYETHYLENE CHAIN ON LENGTH, TEMPERATURE, AND MECHANICAL STRAIN USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS
61-69
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015638
Quanwen
Liao
Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd., Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
Zhichun
Liu
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Tecnology, 1037 Luo Yu Rd. Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
Jinguo
Yang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd., Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
Wei
Liu
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Tecnology, 1037 Luo Yu Rd. Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, China
polyethylene
thermal conductivity
temperature dependence
mechanical strain
molecular dynamics simulation
Although bulk polyethylene, as a thermal insulator, has an extremely low thermal conductivity, an individual polyethylene chain showed a very high thermal conductivity. Exploring the thermal transport in a single polyethylene chain is significant for broadening application of polymers with better thermal properties. In this paper, we numerically investigate the thermal conductivity of an individual polyethylene chain by the Green−Kubo approach. We report the dependence of its thermal conductivity upon length, temperature, and mechanical strain, respectively. The results suggest that the thermal conductivity of an individual polyethylene chain depends greatly on the temperature and shows an interesting trend over the length under different temperatures. The influence of the temperature on the convergence of the thermal conductivity is also studied here. Moreover, the mechanical strain is observed to improve the thermal conductivity significantly. The thermal conductivity increases with the mechanical strain. The power spectra are used to analyze the phonon properties at different temperatures and mechanical strains. This study could guide the development of advanced high-thermal-conductivity polymers and polymer-based nanocomposites.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LPG AND R134a REFRIGERANTS IN VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION
71-80
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015644
Taiwo O.
Babarinde
Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg,
Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
O. S.
Ohunakin
The Energy and Environment Research Group (TEERG), Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria
D. S.
Adelekan
The Energy and Environment Research Group (TEERG), Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria
S. A.
Aasa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Sunday Olayinka
Oyedepo
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
experimental
domestic refrigerator
LPG
R134a
Natural refrigerants, such as hydrocarbons, have been renewed in recent years as a result of the environmental problems associated with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydro-chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerants. Due to the depletion of the ozone layer and global warming effects, synthetic refrigerants are being gradually phased out in accordance with the international protocols that aim to protect the environment. A refrigerator designed to work with R134a was used for this experiment, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) which consists of 60% propane (R290) and 40% butane (R600) was compared with R134a refrigerant in a vapor compression refrigerator with a total volume of 62 L. The experiments were carried out using different charges of 40, 60, 80, and 100 g for R134a and LPG refrigerants, the charges were measured with a digital charging scale. The K-type thermocouples were used to measure the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the four major components (evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion device) of the refrigeration system. The system was instrumented with two pressure gauges at the inlet and outlet of the compressor for measuring the suction and discharge pressures. The results obtained were used to determine the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants using Refprop, version 9. The results obtained showed that the design temperature and pull-down time set by the International Standard Organisation (ISO) for a refrigerator were achieved with LPG earlier than with R134a. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the system increases by 9.5% and the power consumption is reduced by 12%, when compared with R134a. Therefore, LPG can successfully substitute R134a in domestic refrigerators.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN-ASSISTED CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CH4/AIR MIXTURES OVER METAL FOAM-BASED MONOLITHIC CATALYST
81-89
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015646
Yanxia
Li
The Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Ministry of Education of PRC, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Tongran
Wu
The Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Ministry of Education of PRC, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Chaoming
Luo
The Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Ministry of Education of PRC, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Zhongliang
Liu
Key Laboratory of EHTEC, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing Education Commission, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China
hydrogen-assisted
methane/air
catalytic oxidation
Fe-Ni foam support
metal foam-based monolithic catalysts
The objective of this paper is to study experimentally the characteristics of hydrogen-assisted catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon. The present work focuses on investigating the effects of hydrogen-assisted catalytic oxidation of methane−air over a metal foam-based monolithic catalyst. The l%Pd/Al2O3/Fe−Ni foam monolithic catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation. The influence of the addition of H2, mixture flow rate, and of the fuel/air equivalent ratio on the catalytic oxidation characteristics was investigated in a continuous flow fixed-bed reaction system with a quartz tube reactor. The compositions of outlet gas were analyzed online by gas chromatography (Agilent 7890A). The experimental results clearly showed that the addition of hydrogen decreases the conversion of methane, as compared with the methane/air combustion. Moreover, the reaction temperature has a very strong influence on methane conversion. It is also shown that the conversion of methane decreases considerably with increase in the hydrogen percentage of the fuels at a certain value of equivalence ratio. In addition, the conversion of methane decreases distinctly with increase in the equivalence ratio; furthermore, the mixture flow rate has a limited influence on the ignition temperature and burn off temperature.
INVESTIGATING ZnO NANOPARTICLES EFFECT ON THE STEAM-ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE (SAGD) PROCESS IN A HEAVY-OIL RESERVOIR
91-106
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016015677
Masoumeh
Tajmiri
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Mohammad Reza
Ehsani
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
ZnO nanoparticles
SAGD
heavy oil
EOR
Currently, due to the oil price and unpredictable economical conditions, the turning of heavy resources into reserves is one of the important challenging issues. So, considering an efficient method of unlocking barrels of oil that otherwise would have been inaccessible is recently the most substantial subject. Among different processes, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an effective thermal method for producing heavy oil. In otherwise, nanoparticles are defined as surface active agents that penetrate into porous media and, by creating homogeneous area, cause the viscosity to decrease and the thermal capacity to increase. It seems that a combination of thermal process and nanoparticles has an effective influence on the EOR methods. This paper introduces a new idea of adding ZnO nanoparticles by experimental work for oil recovery through the SAGD process. The main goal was to prove that ZnO nanoparticles had the ability to improve oil recovery. Laboratory tests were conducted in two experiments through the use of a two-dimensional scaled SAGD cell with porous packing materials on an Iranian heavy oil reservoir. In the first experiment, the SAGD cell was saturated with heavy oil and in the second one, ZnO nanoparticles flooding into cell and then saturated with crude oil for about 24 h and the amount of recovery was monitored during 12 h for both tests. Oil recovery was 45% without nanoparticles and 83.45% with nanoparticles at the 720th min. These results showed that ZnO nanoparticles had a remarkable effect on decreasing oil viscosity and increasing recovery.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW IN FUEL ROD SUBCHANNELS OF PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS
107-122
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2016016339
T.
Ishtiaque
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh
A.
Farid
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh
K. M.
Taqee
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh
M. A. R.
Sarker
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Bangladesh
Nusselt number
Reynolds number
temperature profile
velocity profile
subchannels
This paper illustrates the numerical simulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in the subchannels of fuel rods used in pressurized water reactors. In this paper, 2D and 3D models of subchannels in pressurized water reactors for a single-phase flow have been developed using Multiphysics software. In these models, the velocity profile, temperature profile, isothermal contours, and variation of Reynolds and Nusselt numbers have been studied. The k−ε turbulence model has been assumed in this work.
SIMILARITY SOLUTION OF BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW OVER A NANOFLUID-SATURATED STRETCHING CYLINDER
123-130
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015421
Aminreza
Noghrehabadi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Rashid
Pourrajab
Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan, Susangerd, Iran
Ehsan
Izadpanahi
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Fl 33199, USA
nanofluid
similarity solution
stretching cylinder
Brownian motion
thermophoresis parameters
In the present study, a heat and mass transfer analysis for boundary layer flow over a stretching cylinder in a medium saturated with a nanofluid is investigated numerically. The model used for the nanofluid comprises the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters, which are the most important parameters in nanofluid simulations. A similarity solution is presented that depends on the Prandtl number, Reynolds number, Lewis number, Brownian motion, and the thermophoresis parameter. The results of the present paper show that the reduced Nusselt and reduced Sherwood numbers increase with the Reynolds number. Also, the reduced Nusselt number decreases as the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters increase.
IN-PLANE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF ALUMINUM COATED STEEL SUBSTRATES
131-137
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015257
Boyu
Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
Huilong
Dong
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
Feifan
Chen
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
thermal diffusivity
aluminum coating
nanostructure
peak diffusing method
The nanostructured thermal coating has been discovered to be effective in improving the signal-to-noise ratio of thermal measurement, but sometimes influences the thermal properties of the workpiece surface. In this work, the thermal properties of aluminum-based coatings were investigated. Aluminum thin films, ranging from 3 nm to 0.5 µm, deposited on a 304 stainless steel substrate were prepared by vacuum evaporation and a peak diffusing measurement method was applied to characterize the thermal diffusivity of the nanostructured surface. The work presented hereinafter consists of characterizing the effects of aluminum coating on apparent thermal diffusivity. A practical interval of thickness within which the aluminum coating will not obviously influence the substrate thermal diffusivity is given.
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHASE ISOLATION INDUCED BY A STATIC CYCLONE DEVICE IN A VERTICAL UPWARD PIPE
139-156
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015539
Shuai
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Dong
Wang
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Pengman
Niu
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Xingkai
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
The study puts forward a forced way to realize phase isolation by using a static cyclone device and provides a basis for a systematic study of the phase-isolation phenomenon for an oil−water two-phase flow in a vertical upward pipe. An optimized style of the static cyclone device was chosen to simulate the phase-isolation characteristics that are influenced by various flow parameters (density, viscosity, velocity, oil diameter, etc.). It is observed that the phase-isolation characteristics are well approaching the ideal condition with the oil superficial velocity below 0.20 m/s and water superficial velocity between 0.25 and 0.8 m/s. The experimental results, which agree well with the simulation, also show that the static cyclone device can successfully be used to realize phase isolation. The phase-isolation method may provide an innovative approach to the measurement of phase holdup, the process of water reinjection, and the heat and mass transfer rates of a multiphase flow.
MODELS AND ANALYSES OF THE EMISSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN RELATION TO METALLURGICAL PROCESSES
157-170
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015485
Yu. N.
Chesnokov
A. M. Prokhorov Regional Ural Department of the Academy of Engineering Sciences, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, 19 Mir Str., Ekaterinburg, 62002, Russia
Vladimir G.
Lisienko
A. M. Prokhorov Regional Ural Department of the Academy of Engineering Sciences, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, 19 Mir Str., Ekaterinburg, 62002, Russia
A. V.
Lapteva
A. M. Prokhorov Regional Ural Department of the Academy of Engineering Sciences, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, 19 Mir Str., Ekaterinburg, 62002, Russia
greenhouse gas
emissions of a carbon dioxide
through emissions
transit emissions
process emissions
metallurgical processes
type of metallurgical processes
Metallurgical enterprises are a source of considerable emissions of the greenhouse gas − carbon dioxide. Five types of metallurgical processes are singled out by the mechanism of formation of carbon dioxide. Computational formulas are obtained for each type for the determination of the emission of carbon dioxide. Examples of calculations are given.
MEASUREMENT OF THE DYNAMIC CONTACT ANGLE ON A SURFACE COATED WITH NANOPARTICLES FOR IMPROVING THE BOILING CRISIS MODEL
171-182
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015667
Yury A.
Kuzma-Kichta
National Research University "MPEI", Krasnokazarmennaya 17, 111250 Moscow, Russia
Aleksandr
Lavrikov
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia
Mikhail
Shustov
National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute , Russia
A.
Ustinov
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia
J.
Bialek
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russia
critical heat flux
wettability
nanoparticles coating
colloidal solution
According to some models, the critical heat flux (CHF) depends much on the wettability of the heating surface. A thin layer of nanoparticles deposited on the surface can change the wettability and the CHF too. In this case, it is possible to predict only the direction of the change in the static contact angle, but it is too difficult to calculate the exact value of the static angle. The determination of dynamic contact angles is even more complicated. The process of dry spot formation and rewetting during the boiling crisis is very rapid. The values of advancing and receding contact angles are needed for improving the CHF model. The improved values of the dynamic contact angles can be used in developing a boiling crisis model, since the processes of dry spot growth and rewetting proceed very rapidly.
The present investigation is aimed at studying the contact angle on surfaces with artificial layers of nanoparticles. Experiments were carried out to measure both the static and dynamic contact angles. The second part of the paper is devoted to the evaluation of the durability of nanoparticles coating in boiling and rewetting of dry spots.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE USED IN AN INDUSTRIAL HEAT RECOVERY PROCESS
183-196
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015682
Wenjing
Du
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, No. 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
Peili
Wang
Shandong University, 17923 Jing Shi Rd., Jinan 250061, China
Lin
Cheng
Institute of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
heat transfer surface
heat transfer
numerical simulation
heat recovery
Confronted with a low-quality heat source, with such drawbacks as high ash contents, discontinuity and instability in typical waste heat recovery fields, innovations are required in the arrangement of a typical heat transfer surface. In this paper, a novel structure with a rhombic heat transfer surface is suggested. This heat transfer surface is efficient in both heat recovery and ash blowing. In the heat transfer process, the new heat transfer surface shows performance like that of tubes staggered arrangement, for instance, enhanced heat transfer, relatively large flow resistance and a large convective heat transfer coefficient in the shell side. In the dust blowing process, this surface performs like that of the aligned arrangement, which is easy to cleane and efficient in dust blowing. Numerical simulation and experimental investigations are used in this paper to obtain heat transfer and flow performance in the new structure. Both numerical analyses and experimental results indicate that the new structure meets the basic requirements of the heat recovery process, which achieves high efficient heat transfer along with convenience of dust cleaning and descaling.
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH A CIRCULAR TUBE WITH VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS OF A DELTA WINGLET VORTEX GENERATOR
197-207
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015661
MD ARIF MAHMUD SHUKLO
SHOSHE
Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology
R.
Ahmed
Mahtab Flexible Printing Press, 196 Ashrafabad, Madrasapara, Kamrangirchor, Dhaka-1310, Bangladesh
M. A. R.
Sarkar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
double row
double delta
two pair 'V' array
projection area
comparison
An experimental investigation was carried out to study heat transfer enhancement in turbulent flow through a circular tube with various arrangements of delta winglet vortex generator. Delta winglets of double row, double delta, and two pair 'V' array configurations were tested for their advantage over a single pair of delta winglet. For all configurations investigated, the projection area was 10.4% of the flow area. The test section was heated electrically at a constant wall heat flux. The frontal air velocity varied in the range from 5 m/s to 14 m/s corresponding the Reynolds number range based on the hydraulic diameter of 22,000 to 58,000. The air velocity, air inlet and outlet temperature, wall temperature, and pressure drops along the axial length of the test section were measured to analyze the friction factor, Nusselt number, and the heat transfer coefficient. Rearrangement of the projection area by these configurations of delta winglets provided a distinguishable increase in the Nusselt number and required lower pumping power. At comparable Reynolds numbers, using delta winglet vortex generators in two pair 'V' array, double delta, and double row configurations, the Nusselt number was increased up to 131.2%, 125.4%, and 118.4%, at 7%, 16%, and 15% less pumping power, respectively, compared to that of a single pair of delta winglet vortex generators.
PASSIVE RESIDUAL HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM FOR THE WWER WITH THERMOSIPHON HEAT EXCHANGING EQUIPMENT
209-223
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015683
Igor
Sviridenko
Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
Dmitriy V.
Shevelyov
All-Russia Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants Operation, Moscow, Russia
Oleksiy V.
Polyakov
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
Vyacheslav A.
Timofeev
Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia
Natalya N.
Sviridenko
International Advanced Technology Engineering Center LLC, Sevastopol, Russia
long-term blackout
reactor
cooldown
passive residual heat removal system
heat exchanger
two-phase thermosiphon
pressurizer
nitrogen
The paper describes the operation of an autonomous passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) for the WWER-1000 reactor design. The basic feature of the PRHRS is the heat removal from the primary circuit through thermosiphon-based heat exchangers. The layout of the PRHRS and its composition are presented. The results of analytical modeling of the PRHRS with RELAP5/ Mod3.4 code are given. The analytical characteristics of the system operation with removal of the residual heat from the reactor's primary circuit proved the high efficiency and reliability of the PRHRS in blackout transient. The functioning of the system for heat removal to the external air was compared with that to water. When external water is used as the heat repository, an antifreezing thermal protection is provided for low-temperature conditions. The calculations present the results of modeling the PRHRS emergency heat removal from a WWER-1000 reactor in the case of a small noncompensible LOCA coinciding with ECCS HA isolation failure. The influence of the ECCS HA isolation failure on the PRHRS efficiency has been assessed, along with optimization of the PRHRS composition with the purpose of mitigation of the influence of the injection of noncondensing gases into the primary circuit. The operational conditions providing efficient long-term removal of residual heat, which is indicated by the primary cooldown and depressurization along with fuel integrity, were examined.
EXCITATION PULSE WIDTH IN THE PEAK DIFFUSING METHOD FOR THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENT
225-233
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015411
Huilong
Dong
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
Boyu
Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
Feifan
Chen
State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
thermal diffusivity
peak diffusing method
pulse width
alternating direction implicit
IR camera
A peak diffusing method has been proposed lately to characterize the radial thermal diffusivity. This paper reports the latest research progress on the pulse width selection for a Gaussian laser which is utilized as the heat excitation for the peak diffusing method. A three-dimensional heat conduction model is constructed, and the alternating direction implicit (ADI) difference method is applied to calculate the temperature field evolution in the case of the finite pulse width. It is concluded from the numerical calculation results that the thermal diffusivity characterization accuracy will not be affected within the given pulse width. A measurement system is constructed with the finite pulsed Gaussian beam as a source of excitation and an IR camera as a temperature detector. Within the 10 ms to 200 ms ranged pulse width, the measured thermal diffusivity of titanium and zirconium plates show errors less than 7.7% and 6.9%, respectively, indicating that the measurement will not be influenced by the given pulse width range.
STUDY AND MODELING OF HEAT TRANSFER AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE IN A HYBRID PV/T COLLECTOR WITH DOUBLE PASSAGE OF AIR
235-245
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015642
Mohamed El-Amine
Slimani
Ahmed Draia University of Adrar
Madjid
Amirat
Theoretical and Applied Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Energetic and Fluid Mechanics, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (US THB), 16111, Algiers, Algeria
Sofiane
Bahria
Renewable Energy Development Center (CDER), Algers, Algeria
thermal collector
photovoltaic module
hybrid PV/T solar collector
efficiency
In this paper, we have examined the effect of adding a cover glass and a metal plate to improve heat transfer and energy performance of the hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collector. In the proposed configuration of the hybrid PV/T collector, the air goes through a double circulation below the photovoltaic module (between the metal plate and the PV module) and above (between the PV module and the glass cover). The heat balance equations are written for the adopted configuration and are numerically solved, incorporating measured climate data. The numerical model of simulation developed from this study allowed us to get a good accuracy of the results, and permitted a good evaluation of different electrical and thermal performance of the studied device (temperature distributions, power, thermal and electrical performance, etc.). The numerical results show the energy efficiency of this type of hybrid collector and its interesting utilization in energetic systems. The results presented in this study also reveal the importance of the effect of certain parameters and adopted operating conditions (sky temperature, air inlet temperature, temperature of PV cells, air flow and solar radiation) on the performance of the hybrid collector.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF FROST FORMATION ON CRYOGENIC SURFACES
247-256
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2015015680
Y.
Dong
The Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Ministry of Education of PRC, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Zhongliang
Liu
Key Laboratory of EHTEC, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Beijing Education Commission, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China
Y.
Li
The Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, Ministry of Education of PRC, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
frost formation
cryogenic surface
natural convection
liquid air
An experimental system for frost formation at a very low surface temperature and under natural convection conditions was set up and a series of frost deposition experiments were conducted under various environmental conditions. The wall temperature can be as low as −191.3°C. The influence of wall temperature, air temperature, humidity, and surface characteristics on the initial frost formation and the shape of crystals is investigated. Compared with the frost formation at a low wall temperature, the liquid air was first observed on the cryogenic surface before frost crystals formed, and this phenomenon was firstly found in frosted fields.
Contents Volume 16, 2015
257-260
10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.v16.i1-4.230