Begell House Inc.
High Temperature Material Processes: An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes
HTM
1093-3611
17
2-3
2013
PLASMA SPRAYING OF COATINGS FROM PARTIALLY STABILIZED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE AND NICKEL CERMET ON THE FUEL CELL ELEMENT WITH ACCOUNT FOR PREDICTION
75-89
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015012595
O. G.
Devoino
Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
Vjatcheslav V.
Okovity
Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk, Belarus
plasma spraying
partially stabilized zirconium dioxide
nickel cermet
fuel cell
The concept of the formation of a plasma coating from partially stabilized zirconium dioxide (further PSZD) and nickel cermet (NCM) on fuel cell elements has been developed based on the analysis of works in this field conducted from 1988 till 2003. The concept determines the aim, the main principles, and directions of studies relying on the predicted operational properties of a produced fuel cell. The concept is aimed at spraying plasma coatings from PSZD and NCM on a fuel cell element, namely, a cathode on an LSM material base. The influence of the substrate preliminary heating on the structure and properties of ZrO2−Y2O3 coatings has been investigated. Optimum modes of making coatings from mechanically mixed Ni and ZrO2−Y2O3 powders have been determined.
MODIFICATION OF Al−20%Si HYPEREUTECTIC ALLOY STRUCTURE BY COMPRESSION PLASMA FLOW TREATMENT
91-99
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013490
Nikolai N.
Cherenda
Belarusian State University, Physics Faculty, 4 Nezavisimost Ave., Minsk, 220030, Belarus; South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
Vladimir V.
Uglov
Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
A. P.
Laskovnev
Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
S. V.
Gusakova
Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavizimost Ave., Minsk, 220030, Belarus
Valiantsin M.
Astashynski
A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences
of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, Moscow, 115409, Russia
A. M.
Kuzmicki
A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
compression plasma flow
surface alloying
Al-Si alloy
phase composition
intermetallides
The structure of the Al−20%Si hypereutectic alloy surface layer modified by compression plasma flows is investigated. Compression plasma flows are generated in a nitrogen atmosphere by a magnetoplasma compressor of compact geometry. Plasma impact leads to dissolution of intermetallides and primary Si crystals and to the formation of an oversaturated solid solution on the basis of the f.c.c. Al lattice containing Si atoms. The high cooling rate of the melt resulted in structure refinement of the surface layer. An additional modification of the surface layer is carried out by its alloying with Ti atoms under plasma impact. Structural changes provided an increase in the aluminum alloy microhardness. Main trends in structure transformation after plasma treatment are discussed.
PHASE COMPOSITION MODIFICATION OF THE Cr/Ti SYSTEM BY COMPRESSION PLASMA FLOWS AND HIGH-CURRENT ELECTRON BEAMS
101-115
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013588
Vitali I.
Shymanski
Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimost Ave., Minsk, 220030, Belarus; National Research Tomsk State University, 2a Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634028, Russia
Nikolai N.
Cherenda
Belarusian State University, Physics Faculty, 4 Nezavisimost Ave., Minsk, 220030, Belarus; South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
Vladimir V.
Uglov
Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Valiantsin M.
Astashynski
A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences
of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, Moscow, 115409, Russia
Nikolay N.
Koval
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Yurii F.
Ivanov
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
titanium
compression plasma flows
low-energy high-current electron beams
phase composition
titanium nitride
alloying
structure
microhardness
The main laws governing the titanium surface layer alloying with chromium atoms by compression plasma flows (CPF) and the influence of low-energy high-current electron beams (HCEB) are investigated. Titanium samples with a previously deposited chromium coating were subjected to the CPF impact and HCEB. In both cases, the presence of chromium atoms promoted the stabilization of the high-temperature cubic β-Ti phase. In the case of CPF treatment, the subsurface layer contains β-Ti(Cr) solid solution, martensite phase α'-Ti, and orthorhombic martensite phase α"-Ti. The treatments of titanium result in the modification of the mechanical properties of the surface layer. In particular, the microhardness increases up to 6.4 GPa after exposure to CPF.
PLASMA GENERATION IN A LOW-PRESSURE HOLLOW-CATHODE NON-SELF-SUSTAINED GLOW DISCHARGE
117-125
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013717
I. V.
Lopatin
O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Academician Proskura St., Kharkiv 61085, Ukraine
Yuriy H.
Akhmadeev
Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk,
634055, Russia
Nikolay N.
Koval
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
P. M.
Schanin
Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
hollow cathode
non-self-sustained glow discharge
microhardness
Research on a hollow-cathode non-self-sustained glow discharge demonstrates the feasibility of discharge operation at pressures from 0.1 Pa. Depending on experimental conditions, the discharge operating voltage can reach ~50 V, which is much lower than that of a self-sustained glow discharge in the same electrode system. The discharge current can range up to 30 A. The working gas is Ar, N2, and N-based gas mixtures. Probe measurements of the discharge plasma show that the electron temperature varies between 1.5 and 7 eV, depending on the pressure of gas and its kind, and the plasma density can reach 1011 cm−3 at 15-A currents. Nitriding in the discharge plasma at 600°C for 2 h made it possible to increase the hardness of Ti (VT1-0) 3.5 times and that of 12Cr18Ni10Ti three times, with a modified layer depth of 35 µm.
PLASMA SOURCE WITH A COLD HOLLOW CATHODE BASED ON ARC DISCHARGE
127-135
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013718
Yuriy H.
Akhmadeev
Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk,
634055, Russia
P. M.
Schanin
Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Nikolay N.
Koval
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
arc discharge
plasma density
microdroplets
This paper presents the results of investigation into the generation of a gas-discharge plasma by an arc source with a cold hollow cathode. The source produces a plasma of density ~1010−1011 cm−3 in a volume of ~0.5 m3 at a discharge current of up to 120 A, a discharge operating voltage of 30−40 V, and at a pressure of 0.1−1 Pa. The motion of a cathode spot in crossed electric and magnetic fields inside the hollow cathode and a special cathode design make it possible to preclude almost completely the penetration of the sputtered cathode material into the working chamber and to increase the lifetime of the cathode. Because the cathode spot operates at an integrally cold surface of the hollow cathode, the source allows generation of a chemically active gas plasma.
DYNAMICS OF A MOLTEN LAYER ON THE SURFACE OF SILICON WAFER EXPOSED TO A COMPRESSION PLASMA FLOW
137-144
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013737
Valiantsin M.
Astashynski
A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences
of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 31 Kashirskoe Highway, Moscow, 115409, Russia
Siarhei I.
Ananin
A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
Evgenij A.
Kostyukevich
A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
T. T.
Fedzechkina
A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovka Str., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
S. P.
Zhvavy
B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68 Nezavisimost Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus
I. E.
Garkusha
National Science Center, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Institute of Plasma Physics, Kharkiv, Ukraine; V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
D. G.
Solyakov
Institute of Plasma Physics of the NSC KIPT, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 61108, Kharkov, Ukraine
compression plasma flow
silicon
melt lifetime
The lifetime of a molten layer at the surface of a silicon target exposed to a compression plasma flow was evaluated by using an optical method. The method is based on a temperature dependence of a shift in the Si fundamental absorption edge. A mathematical model describing the processes of plasma/solid interaction on the single-crystal semiconductor surface exposed to a compression plasma flow was proposed. The results of the experimental estimation of the molten layer lifetime agree satisfactorily with the data of numerical modeling.
EVAPORATION OF SINTERED CATHODES IN LOW-PRESSURE ARC DISCHARGES FOR NANOCRYSTALLINE COATINGS SYNTHESIS: EROSION AND CATHODE SPOT CHARACTERISTICS
145-152
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013752
Olga V.
Krysina
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
I. M.
Goncharenko
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
K. A.
Koshkin
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
M. I.
Lobach
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
O. B.
Frants
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
N. V.
Landl
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
arc discharge
cathode spot
cathode
coating
characteristics
The results of investigation of cathode spot characteristics of composite Ti−Cu system cathodes with different concentration of copper are presented. The cathode spots glow was registered by a high-speed CCD camera. By using the method of high-speed registration, the evolution of cathode spot number was observed and the velocity of a single spot was measured. Also, the cathode erosion rate was determined. Significant disadvantages of the powder Ti−Cu cathodes during coating deposition in vacuum low-pressure arc discharges have not been revealed.
SSYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURED NITRIDE COATINGS BY VACUUM ARC EVAPORATION OF SINTERED Ti−Al CATHODES
153-160
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013754
Olga V.
Krysina
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Yurii F.
Ivanov
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
I. M.
Goncharenko
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
M. I.
Lobach
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
G. A.
Pribytkov
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
I. A.
Andreeva
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
V. V.
Korzhova
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
nitride coatings
nanocrystalline structure
Ti-Al cathode
arc evaporation
This paper discusses the possibility of the formation of nanostructured coatings with the use of composite powder Ti−Al system cathodes in low-pressure arc discharges. The results of investigation of sintered Ti−40 at.% Al material, the Ti−Al−N coating synthesis processes, as well as the research of the structure and properties of deposited coatings are presented.
INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN LASER BEAM ON THIN-FILM COATINGS
161-169
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013757
D. M.
Lubenko
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Yuriy H.
Akhmadeev
Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk,
634055, Russia
Olga V.
Krysina
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Yurii A.
Chumakov
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of SB RAS, Tomsk 634021,
Russia
nitrogen laser
thin coatings
laser ablation
laser irradiation
This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the influence of a nanosecond laser beam of UV band (λ = 337 nm) with energy of up to 1 mJ on a surface of thin (0.5−5 µm) coatings (Ti, TiN, Al−Si, Al−Si−N) deposited on a glass substrate by a vacuum-arc method. Based on the data obtained, the dependences of the effect of explosive spark formation on the thickness of a coating, its properties, and the conditions of laser influence in an atmosphere of different gases are presented. The mathematical model of the processes occurring in a coating/substrate system exposed to laser irradiation is described; the value of the thickness of a coating at which its destruction occurs with intense sparking is defined.
NANOSTRUCTURED CERAMIC POWDERS MODIFIED BY THE PLASMA OF A NON-SELF-SUSTAINED LOW-PRESSURE ARC DISCHARGE
171-179
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013759
Olga V.
Krysina
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Yuriy H.
Akhmadeev
Institute of High Current Electronics, SB RAS, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk,
634055, Russia
Yurii F.
Ivanov
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
M. V.
Grigoriev
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
A. V.
Kanaki
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634021, Russia
ceramic powder
arc discharge
plasma treatment
gas-discharge plasma
structure
The results of experiments on activation of nanocrystalline ZrO2 + MgO and Al2O3 powders by a volume plasma of arc discharge with a filament are presented. Powder treatment was carried out in an argon and a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 100−140°C for 1 hour. It is shown that the plasma treatment of powders results in modification of phase composition, decrease in internal stresses, increase in the number of defects.
TRANSFORMATIONS OF ARMCO IRON SURFACE ON THERMOKINETIC EXPOSURE TO COMPRESSION PLASMA FLOWS
181-186
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013772
Valiantsin V.
Astashynski
Research Laboratory, Department of Solid State Physics, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimost Ave, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
Iryna N.
Rumiantseva
Physical Technical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 10, Kuprevich St., Minsk, 220141, Belarus
structure transformations
thermokinetic exposure
compression plasma flows
Structural and phase changes caused in Armco iron by compression streams are studied. It has been shown that on hydrogen embedding into the surface layer of a sample to a depth not exceeding 0.5 mm, the processing in this mode can he regarded as the thermal effect of plasma flow on surface layers thicker than 1 µm. As a result of the plasma flow treatment, the near surface layers are formed during rapid solidification from a melt. An increase in microhardness from 3.5 ± 0.2 GPa to 5.2 ± 0.6 GPa was observed.
EQUIPMENT FOR PULSED THERMAL TREATMENT OF THE SURFACES OF MATERIALS BY A LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON BEAM
187-194
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013827
Vladimir N.
Devyatkov
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
Nikolay N.
Koval
Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademichesky Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
S. V.
Grigoriev
Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia
A. D.
Teresov
Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/3 Akademicheskiy Ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
low-energy electron beam
plasma cathode
pulsed thermal treatment
This paper describes the design of the equipment used for studying the treatment of the surfaces of metal specimens and presents the results of studies of a source that produces a low-energy high-current electron beam. An electron beam with a current of up to 300 A and pulse duration of 20−200 µs is generated in a gas-filled diode with a plasma cathode at a pulse repetition rate of 0.3−15 s−1 and at an accelerating voltage of up to 25 kV. The space-charge-compensated electron beam is transported in a longitudinal magnetic field for a distance of 20−30 cm to the region of its interaction with a solid. At a current density of up to 20 A/cm2, the beam power density proves to be sufficient for melting a metal surface by means of one or several pulses.
SEM INVESTIGATION OF CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS PRODUCED BY NANOSPIDER TECHNOLOGY
195-203
10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2015013899
N.
Prokopchuk
Belarusian State University of Technology, 13a Sverdlova Str., 220050 Minsk, 220050, Republic of Belarus
V. G.
Luhin
Belarusian State Technological University, 13a Sverdlov Str., Minsk, 220006,
Belarus
K.
Vishnevskii
Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin University of Technology, 38a Nadbystrzycka Str., Lublin, Poland
Zh.
Shashok
Power Engineering Research Center Ltd., 9 Lotnikow Str., 41-949 Piekary Slqskie, Poland
Pawel
Zukowski
Department of Electrical Devices and High Voltage Technology, Lublin
University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 38D, Lublin, 20–618, Poland
J.
Plowucha
Power Engineering Research Center Ltd., 9 Lotnikow Str., 41-949 Piekary Slqskie, Poland
SEM
nanofibres
chitosan
Nanofibers from chitosan were obtained by the NANOSPIDER technology. The structure of the nanofiber layer was analyzed by the method of scanning microscopy on a JSM-5610 LV JEOL. It is found that the most reasonable concentration of chitosan (in the test interval) is 2.0 wt.%. In this case, the process is stable, and nanofibers are formed with a diameter of up to 250 nm. Based on these results, the optimum technological parameters of the electrospinning used for manufacturing high-quality uniform nanofiber coating have been determined. However, the use of different types of chitosan, as well as substrates of differing nature and structure, may require adjustment of these parameters.