Begell House Inc.
Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
CRT
0743-4863
17
3
2000
New Approaches to Antigen Delivery
84
10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v17.i3.10
David
FitzGerald
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255
Randall J.
Mrsny
Genentech, Inc., So. San Francisco, CA 94080-4990
An improved understanding of immunologic events associated with immunization, die identification of promising new antigens, and an increased capacity to generate these antigens through chemical and biotechnology methods have led to many new vaccine opportunities. Inappropriate antigen exposure, however, can result in unwanted outcomes, such as incomplete protection, allergic reactions, autoimmumty, infection, or even tolerization. Thus, proper antigen delivery is critical for achieving the desired outcome. A number of vaccination approaches have now been described with varied degrees of success. The relative success of these approaches can be correlated with antigen delivery to specific presentation cells and stimulation of the immune system at sites where protective immunity is most appropriate. In addition, a greater understanding of mechanisms involving cells and effector molecules in die events of immunity may allow for improved possibilities for initiating, augmenting, and maintaining the response to a delivered antigen. This review provides insights into die various strategies currently being explored to optimize antigen delivery and the immune response to that antigen.
Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Restenosis
36
10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v17.i3.20
Michael
Chorny
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
Ilia
Fishbein
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
Gershon
Golomb
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
Attempts to achieve revascularization of coronary arteries blocked by atherosclerotic plaques are hampered by restenotic hyperproliferative response of die treated vessels. The uniform failure of clinical trials using systemic therapies to prevent restenosis has prompted development of methods for arterial drug delivery systems. This review describes technologies of polymeric-based, perivascular, and intraluminal drug and gene delivery systems. The critical assessment of controversies including drug and vehicle type, dose and release rate, and preclinical validation is reviewed.