Begell House Inc.
International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms
IJM
1521-9437
19
3
2017
An Overview of Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms in Neurodegeneration and Neurotrauma Research
191-202
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.10
Kah-Hui
Wong
Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Chai-Chee
Ng
Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of
Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Gowri
Kanagasabapathy
Mushroom Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Yoon-Yen
Yow
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Vikineswary
Sabaratnam
Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of
Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
central nervous system disorders
medicinal and edible mushrooms
neuroprotection
neuroregeneration
oxidative stress
peripheral neuropathy
Culinary and medicinal mushrooms have been appreciated since prehistoric times as valuable resources for food and medicine. Edible mushrooms represent an untapped source of nutraceuticals and valuable palatable food. Long considered tonics, they are now treasured as functional foods that can improve human health and quality of life. Numerous studies have provided insights into the neuroprotective effects of edible mushrooms, which are attributed to their antioxidant, antineuroinflammatory, and cholinesterase inhibitory properties, and their ability to prevent neuronal death. Here we review the recent literature on the role of culinary and medicinal mushrooms in the management of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma. We highlight some of the molecular mechanisms for how these alternative
medicines provide health benefits that could help us to harness their neuroprotective effects.
In Vitro Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Proinflammatory Molecules Induced by Ergosta- 7,22-Dien-3-One Isolated from a Wild Mexican Strain of Ganoderma oerstedii (Agaricomycetes)
203-211
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.20
Angel
Ramos-Ligonio
LADISER Inmunologia y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo, Animas,
Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Aracely
López-Monteon
LADISER Inmunologia y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo, Animas,
Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Maria de la Soledad
Lagunes-Castro
Laboratorios de Docencia, Ivestigación y Servicios (LADISER), de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Mexico
Jorge
Suarez-Medellin
Centro de Investigaciones Cerebrales (CICE), Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Colonia Industrial Animas, 9119, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Cesar
Espinoza
Laboratorio de Alta Tecnologia de Xalapa (LATEX), Universidad Veracruzana. Calle Medicos 5, Unidad del Bosque, 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Guillermo
Mendoza
Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Médicos 5, Unidad del Bosque, 91010 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Ángel
Trigos
Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Médicos 5, Unidad del Bosque, 91010 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
ergosta-7
22-dien-3-one
Ganoderma oerstedii
immunomodulatory
inflammation
medicinal mushrooms
TLRs
Compounds showing pharmacological activity on the immune system are of interest because of their therapeutic potential in the treatment of many diseases. However, data from primary human immune cells and in vivo studies are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability to induce the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and proinflammatory molecules on cells involved in the immune system using the compound ergosta-7,22-dien-3-
one, isolated from a wild Mexican strain of Ganoderma oerstedii. According to our study, ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one did not present any cytotoxic effect on HeLa or J774A.1 cells, and it was able to stimulate nitric oxide production, induce the expression of genes, and induce the production of TLRs, cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules
in J774A.1 cells, based on reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Here we report a new pro-inflammatory property of ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one, which should be considered as a possible
adjuvant property in view of its biological activity.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and IL-23 Induced by Polysaccharide of the Black Hoof Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus linteus (Agaricomycetes)
213-223
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.30
Soo Kyung
Yoon
Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
Soo Kyung
Sung
Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
Dong Hee
Lee
Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
Ha Won
Kim
Department of Life Sciences, University of Seoul,
Dongdaemun-gu, Jennong-dong 90,
Seoul 130-743, South Korea
IL-17
IL-23
medicinal mushrooms
MMP-9
Phellinus linteus
polysaccharide
TIMP-1
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has diverse roles associated with cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is known to inhibit MMP-9 by complexing with it at a 1:1 ratio. Suppressing MMP-9 activity through the overexpression of TIMP-1 allows for regulation of tumor growth and metastasis by blocking invasion and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. We found that TIMP-1 and interleukin (IL)-23 are induced in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, a cell line established by Abelson leukemia virus transformation from the BALB/c mouse strain, in a dose-dependent pattern, at the transcriptional level by treatment with a crude polysaccharide fraction of Phellinus linteus (CPP) at a range of 10 to 1000 μ;g/mL. We purified CPP into 2 polysaccharide fractions, Fr-I and Fr-II, and one protein fraction, Fr-III. Among the 3 fractions, Fr-II increased TIMP-1 expression 6.8-fold compared with the control, according to quantitative reverse-transcription
polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis in the RAW264.7 culture system. On the other hand, all 3 fractions
increased IL-23 expression, with the highest increase brought about by Fr-II. qRT-PCR analysis showed that Fr-I
and Fr-II increased IL-17 expression in RAW264.7 cells by 13.3-fold and 19.6-fold, respectively. IL-17 expression
in lung tissue was increased 2.1-fold compared with the control group, whereas that in liver tissue was unaltered by
oral administration of CPP for 7 days. In a mouse model, qRT-PCR analysis showed that CPP induced liver TIMP-1
and lung IL-17 expressions 8.9-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, without affecting MMP-9 expression. Our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that inducing TIMP-1 without altering MMP-9 expression by administering the polysaccharide fraction of Ph. linteus could be a novel antitumor or antimetastasis mechanism of polysaccharide from the medicinal mushroom Ph. linteus.
Antitumor Effect of By-1 from Spent Broth from Submerged Cultures of Stout Camphor Medicinal Mushroom, Taiwanofungus camphoratus (Higher Basidiomycetes), on A549 Adenocarcinoma Cells
225-232
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.40
Wenhan
Wang
National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, P.R. China
Li-Yuan
Wang
National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; and Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Hai-Rui
Yang
College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
Ya-Ping
Zhang
College of Life Sciences, Shihezi
University, Shihezi, China
He-Nan
Zhang
National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; and Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
Hua
Fan
Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Campus Virchow
Klinikum, Charite-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
Xiang-Li
Zhao
Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Campus Virchow
Klinikum, Charite-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
Jingsong
Zhang
Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China; National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi; National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Shanghai, 201403, P.R. China
Wei
Jia
National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, P.R. China
anti-lung cancer
By-1
lung adenocarcinoma
medicinal mushrooms
Taiwanofungus camphoratus
By-1 was obtained from spent broth from submerged cultures of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. This report evaluates the effects of By-1 on plate clone formation, wound healing, cell cycle, activated caspase-3 expression, and ROS release in A549 lung cancer cells. The result of plate clone formation assay revealed that By-1 could dramatically
inhibit the viability of A549 cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect of By-1 on cell migration was tested using a wound healing assay. Proliferation rates of A549 cells were significantly inhibited following exposure to By-1 (12.5, 50, and 80 μ;g/mL). Flow cytometry revealed that the extracts increased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the number of cells in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle. The results of the caspase-3 experiment suggested that By-1
could induce A549 cells apoptosis, and this apoptosis was related to the release of reactive oxygen species by the
A549 cells. All these results indicate that By-1 has potential in anti-lung cancer drug development.
Effect of Hispolon from Phellinus lonicerinus (Agaricomycetes) on Estrogen Receptors, Aromatase, and Cyclooxygenase II in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
233-242
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.50
Junzhi
Wang
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Biological
Ferment, Yichang, Hubei, China
Beiyan
Chen
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Fang
Hu
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Xueling
Zou
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Haili
Yu
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Jinyu
Wang
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Hongqi
Zhang
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
Haibo
He
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Biological
Ferment, Yichang, Hubei, China
Wenfeng
Huang
Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
estrogen signals
hispolon
medicinal mushrooms
Phellinus lonicerinus
therapy
Phytoestrogen has previously been proposed as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy. Hispolon has been found to have phytoestrogenic properties. However, the possible effects of hispolon on estrogen receptors and other related molecules remain to be determined. This study was performed mainly to confirm the estrogenic function of hispolon as it relates to estrogen receptors, aromatase, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Hispolon was shown to increase the serum 17β-estradiol in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining methods showed that hispolon exhibited a biphasic effect on ERα/β and aromatase expression in MCF-7 cells. Hispolon could also significantly inhibit aromatase activity, assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting showed that COX-2 and aromatase could be inhibited by hispolon. These results further prove the phytoestrogenic features of hispolon and explore some pharmacological mechanisms that suggest that hispolon could be useful in the treatment of breast cancers or other gynecologic diseases.
Anti-MRSA Activity of Fruiting Body Extracts of Spectacular Rustgill Mushroom, Gymnopilus junonius (Agaricomycetes)
243-248
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.60
Stephanie
Barneche
Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
Silvana
Alborés
Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
Graciela
Borthagaray
Laboratorio de Microbiologia Clinica, Departamento Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
María Pía
Cerdeiras
Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
Alvaro
Vázquez
Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
bacterial resistance
medicinal mushrooms
Staphylococcus aureus
Gymnopilus junonius
Despite the great advances in chemotherapeutics, infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Among some of the clinically relevant pathogens, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranks as one of the most difficult bacteria to treat. It is a common cause of skin, soft-tissue, and endovascular infections, as well as pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. The research on Basidiomycota is extensive; many species show a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial activity. The vast majority of the literature to date generally focuses on screening the antibacterial properties of mushroom extracts. A gap still exists in the identification of the individual compounds responsible for these properties, and few low molecular weight compounds have been described. Gymnopilus junonius, the big laughter mushroom, grows wild in Uruguay, especially on Eucalyptus spp. plantations; it is known as the "eucalyptus fungus." In this work, we report the bioguided isolation, structural elucidation, and antistaphylococcal activity of the main antimicrobial components of fresh basidiocarps of G. junonius.
Vitamin D2 Stability During the Refrigerated Storage of Ultraviolet B−Treated Cultivated Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms
249-255
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.70
Aneta
Slawinska
Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Emilia
Fornal
Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Wojciech
Radzki
Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University
of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Ewa
Jablonska-Rys
Department of Fruits, Vegetables and Mushrooms Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Ewa
Parfieniuk
Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
culinary-medicinal mushrooms
ergocalciferol
ergosterol
UVB
vitamin D2
The effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on the synthesis of vitamin D2 and its stability during refrigerated storage was determined in fresh cultivated culinary-medicinal mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Lentinus edodes) after harvest. The irradiated mushrooms were stored at 4°C for up to 10 days. The concentrations of vitamin D2 and ergosterol were determined using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The cultivated mushrooms not treated with UVB were devoid of vitamin D2. After UVB irradiation, we obtained mushrooms with a large amount of ergocalciferol. A. bisporus showed the lowest vitamin D2 content (3.55 ± 0.11 μ;g D2/g dry weight); P. ostreatus contained 58.96 ± 1.15 μ;g D2/g dry weight, and L. edodes contained 29.46 ± 2.21 μ;g/g dry weight. During storage at 4°C, the amount of vitamin D2 was gradually decreased in P. ostreatus and L. edodes, whereas in A. bisporus vitamin D2 gradually increased until the sixth day, then decreased. Mushrooms exposed to UVB radiation contain a significant amount of vitamin D2 and are therefore an excellent food source of vitamin D.
Preclinical Assessment of Cardiovascular Alterations Induced by Birch Polypore Mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Agaricomycetes)
257-265
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.80
James Oluwagbamigbe
Fajemiroye
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Aline A.
Mourão
Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular
Research, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Stefanne Madalena
Marques
Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular
Research, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Lanussy Porfiro de
Oliveira
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Jeronimo Raimundo de Oliveira
Neto
Department of Pharmacological Sciences,
Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Abimbola Christanah
Elusiyan
Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
Gustavo Rodrigues
Pedrino
Center for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular
Research, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goias, Campus Samambaia, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Elson Alves
Costa
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Luiz Carlos
da Cunha
Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
Jordan K.
Zjawiony
Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, University, Mississippi
cardiovascular parameters
medicinal mushrooms
organic extract
Piptoporus betulinus
stigmasterol
Piptoporus betulinus has been used in folk medicine for millennia. However, no data currently exist regarding its potential cardiovascular activity. In this work, the crude ethanolic extract and fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) with increased polarity from the partitioning process, as well as stigmasterol (the major metabolite isolated from P. betulinus), were administered orally at different doses to normotensive male Wistar rats an hour before recording mean arterial pressure, heart rate, renal blood flow, renal vascular conductance, arterial blood flow, and arterial vascular conductance. The acute oral administration of crude ethanolic extract and all fractions did not alter mean arterial pressure when compared with the control group, which received a vehicle. In addition, subchronic (14 days) oral administration of crude ethanolic extract, fractions, and stigmasterol did not alter cardiovascular parameters. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that oral administration of organic extracts of P. betulinus did not induce cardiovascular alterations.
Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions
267-276
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.90
Shu-Yao
Tsai
Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
Erh-Wen
Huang
EIG Energy Solution Co. Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
Chun-Ping
Lin
Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
cold-cathode fluorescent lamps
culinary-medicinal mushrooms
Flammulina velutipes
light-emitting
diodes
nutritional compounds
winter mushroom
The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active
components in Flammulina velutipes. The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. The biological efficiency of the T8 lights was the highest, at 92%. The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, vitamin D2 (1.9 μ;g/g) was generated only under light from LEDs. Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids.
In Memoriam: Prof. Dr. Hanns Kreisel (1931-2017)
277-278
10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.100
Ulrike
Lindequist
Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
Frieder
Schauer
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany