Begell House Inc.
International Journal on Algae
IJA
1521-9429
21
4
2019
Cyanoprokaryota of the Salt Marshes at the Pryazov National Natural Park, Ukraine
299-310
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.10
L. I.
Arabadzhy-Tipenko
Bogdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Department of Botany and
Landscape Gardening, 20 Getmanska Str., MelitopolI Zaporizhzhya Region 72312I, Ukraine
A. N.
Solonenko
Bogdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Department of Botany and
Landscape Gardening, 20 Getmanska Str., MelitopolI Zaporizhzhya Region 72312I, Ukraine
A. G.
Bren
Bogdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Department of Botany and
Landscape Gardening, 20 Getmanska Str., MelitopolI Zaporizhzhya Region 72312I, Ukraine
Cyanoprokaryota
salt marshes
Lake Sivashik
Fedotov Spit
Utlyuk
Cyanoprokaryota of salt marshes were investigated at three scientific sites: in the upper Utlyuk Estuary, on the coast of Lake Sivashik, and at Fedotov Spit. Data on species composition, systematic structure, leading families, and genera are provided. In total, 71 species of cyanoprokaryotes representing 3 orders, 10 families, and 22 genera. The dominant complex included representatives of the genera Schizothrix Kutzing ex Gomont, Phormidium Kutzing ex Gomont, Lyngbya C.Agardh ex Gomont, Leptolyngbya (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komarek, Trichormus (Ralfs ex Bornet & Flahault) Komarek & Anagnostidis, Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, and Nodularia Mert. ex Born. & Flah. The identified species are analyzed for their biotopic nature and their valence to the level of environmental salinity. The distribution of the identified species within the Ukrainian territory is considered.
Morphological Variability of Some Bacillariophyta Species of the Genus Kobayasiella Lange-Bertalot (Raphales, Naviculaceae)
311-320
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.20
S. I.
Genkal
Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Settle Borok, Nekouz District, Yaroslavl Region 152742, Russia
D. A.
Kapustin
I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of RAS, Settle Borok, Nekouz District, Yaroslavl Region 152742, Russia; K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya Str., Moscow 127276, Russia
A. S.
Stenina
Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch RAS,
Syktyvkar 167001, Russia
I. N.
Sterlyagova
Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch RAS,
Syktyvkar 167001, Russia
Yu. N.
Shabalina
Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
Bacillariophyta
Kobayasiella subtilissima
K. parasubtilissima
K. okadae
SEM
morphology
variability
The paper presents the results of the SEM study of the morphological variability of diatoms Kobayasiella subtilissima (Cleve) Lange-Bertalot, K. parasubtilissima (H. Kobayasi et Nagumo) Lange-Bertalot and K. okadae (Skvortsov) Lange-Bertalot. Algae samples were taken in Lake Bolotnoye (northeast of the European part of Russia) and the Shichengsky Swamp (Vologda Region, Russia). The range of variation in the length and width of the valves and the number of striae in 10 μ;m in K. subtilissima and K. parasubtilissima coincide with the published data. In K. okadae, the length and width of the valves exceed the literary data. The number of striae in 10 μ;m in our samples is less, possibly due to interpopulation variability. For the first time patterns of variability of some quantitative features depending on the valve diameter have been revealed for the representatives of the genus Kobayasiella: the length/width ratio increases with an increase in its length. In K. subtilissima and K. parasubtilissima, between the number of striae in 10 μ;m and the valve length, another dependence is observed: with an increase in the valve length, the value of this feature decreases. Assessment of the taxonomic significance of these features according to the coefficient of variation showed a slight variability of these characters (cv = 3.9−10.3), which corresponds to the literature data for other representatives of the genus Navicula s. l.
Diatoms of Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) Epiphyton from the Black and Aegean Seas
321-334
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.30
L. I.
Ryabushko
FRC .O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
A. V.
Bondarenko
FRC A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
A. G.
Shiroyan
FRC A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
Bacillariophyta
Bryopsis plumosa
Chlorophyta
epiphyton
water saprobity
Black Sea
Aegean Sea
Species diversity of epiphytic Bacillariophyta inhabiting benthic green alga Bryopsis plumosa in the Black (the bays of the Crimean coast) and Aegean (coasts of Rhodes and Monsell bank) seas was studied. A list of 54 taxa belonging to 3 classes, 12 orders, 25 families, and 35 genera is presented. Thirty-six species were found in the Quarantine, Cossack, and Koktebel bays of the Black Sea, and 28 species - in the samples from the Aegean Sea. Most of the species (more than 90%) are known as benthic forms. Seven common species were identified: Ahrurnthes brevipes, Ardissonea crystallina, Cocconeis scutellum, Grammatophora marina, Licmophora abbreviata, Striatella unipunctata, and Tabularia tabulata. The genus Licmophora (6 species) is most diverse. Five taxa new to the Aegean were noted: Actinocyclus curvatulus, Ardissonea fulgens, Diatomella salina var. septata, Eunotia bilunaris, and Planothidium hauckianum. The flora is dominated by marine (43%) and brackish-water species (37%). Twenty-five species-indicators of water saprobity were identified. Of the phytogeographic elements, a significant proportion are arctic-boreal-tropical and boreal-tropical species (41%), as well as cosmopolitans (33%) are noted; these species have a wide range of distribution and belong to the mass species of microphytobenthos of the seas. A comparison of the species composition of B. plumosa epiphyton from different geographical regions of Crimea showed a significant difference: common species are Hyalodiscus scoticus, A. crystallina, G. marina, and T. tabulata. Quantitative data on Bacillariophyta in the epiphyton of B. plumosa were obtained for the first time. In the Koktebel Bay in May, the number and biomass of epiphytic Bacillariophyta ranged (2.3-14.4)·103 cells·cm-2 and 0.001-0.004 mg·m-2, respectively. In the Quarantine Bay in March, the number of epiphytic diatoms was 394·103 cells·cm-2, biomass -0.254 mg·cm-2.
The Content of Pigments and Photosynthetic Activity of Chlorella vulgaris Beij. (Chlorophyta) When Exposed to Sodium Selenite, Zinc Sulphate, and Chromium Chloride
335-348
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.40
O. I.
Bodnar
Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Teachers-Training University,
2, M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine
A. I.
Herts
Department of General Biology and Methods of Teaching Natural Sciences, Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University,
2 M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopol 46027, Ukraine
N. V.
Herts
Department of Botany and Zoology, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Teachers-Training University, 2 M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopol 46027, Ukraine
V. V.
Grubinko
Department of General Biology and Methods of Teaching Natural Sci. Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University, 2 M. Kryvonosa Str., Ternopil 46027, Ukraine
Chlorella vulgaris
pigments
Selenium
Zinc
Chromium
fluorescence chlorophyll induction
The content of photosynthetic pigments, their ratio and primary photosynthesis processes in Chlorella vulgaris were investigated by the combined and separate action of salts of trace elements Selenium (sodium selenite), Zinc (zinc sulfate) and Chromium (chromium chloride). The tendency to increase the total content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids with all options for the impact of trace elements were revealed. The combined action of Selenium and Zinc demonstrated the most noticeable effect. At the same time, the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased as a result of the increase in the chlorophyll b content. As the chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters changed, the level of non-photochemical chlorophyll quenching (NPQt) in the joint action of the salts of Selenium and Chromium increased. However, an increase in the relative content of chlorophyll and a slight change in the probable rate of loss of of linear electron flow (LEF) in the action of the studied salts reveal the functioning of mechanisms to ensure the stability of the photosynthetic apparatus in C. vulgaris and prevent its inactivation.
Content of Lipids, Fatty Acids, and Fucoxanthin in Branches of Different Ages of Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh (Phaeophyceae)
349-358
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.50
V. I.
Ryabushko
FRC A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
A. N.
Kamnev
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the RAS,
36 Nahimovskiy Prosp., Moscow 117997, Russia; Moscow Region State University,
10A Radio Str., Moscow 105005, Russia
E. V.
Gureeva
FRC A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
A. V.
Prazukin
FRC A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
M. V.
Nechoroshev
FRC A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the RAS,
38 Lenin Avenue, Building 3, Moscow 119991, Russia
Cystoseira barbata
fatty acids
lipids
fucoxanthin
Phaeophyceae
Black Sea
Data on the concentration of total lipids, fatty acids, and fucoxanthin, depending on the age of the branches of brown alga Cystoseira barbata, collected on the Crimean coast of the Black Sea, are presented. The fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography, and fucoxanthin was measured by means of thin layer chromatography. In the summer, fairly low concentrations of lipids and fucoxanthin were noted in the branches of Cystoseira thalli. The maximum concentration of lipids (7.8 ± 0.3 mg·g-1dry) and fucoxanthin (0.59 ± 0.04 mg·g-1dry) was found in branches of 3−5 months old. A high content of fatty acids was also noted: myristic C14:0, palmitic C16:0, stearic C18:0, oleic C18:1(n-9), linoleic C18:2(n-6), stearidonic C18:4(n-3), arachidonic C20:4(n-6), and eicosapentaenoic C20:5(n-3). In the lipid fraction of C. barbata branches, the maximum content of palmitic acid (C16:0) was found to be 21.6%. Myristic acid (C14:0) was present in small amounts, and pentadecanoic (C15:0) and heptadecanoic (C17:0) acids were present in trace amounts. The concentration of C14:0, C15:0, and C17:0 in the thallus of C. barbata was 2-3 times higher than in other species of brown algae. The total content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was 31%, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) - 36-42%. The concentration of arachidonic acid varied within 7-14% depending on the age of the branches, and its maximum amount was found in branches older than 3 months. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid averaged 7%; its maximum content of 9% was in branches 5-6 months old. Docosahexaenoic acid was found in small quantities (0.37 ± 0.2%). Analysis of the total amount of PUFAs and SFAs, (n-3) and (n-6) acids showed that the maximum content of all groups of acids is contained in branches older than 5 months. The proportion of the most valuable n-3 fatty acids averages 15.3% of the total amount of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME). Branches of C. barbata older than 3 months have an optimal (1.0) n-3 /n-6 PUFAs ratio for human health. The high concentrations of C14:0, C16:0, C18:4(n-3), C20:4(n-3), C18:2(n-6), and C20:4(n-3) in Cystoseira correlate with the maximum fucoxanthin content. The data obtained allow optimizing the process of collecting raw materials in order to maximize the yield of target biologically active substances.
Daily Dynamics of Photosynthesis, Respiration and Production of Fucus vesiculosus L. (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) in the Barents Sea
359-364
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.60
O. V.
Stepanyan
Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the RAS,
41 Chekhov Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
Fucus vesiculosus
photosynthesis
respiration
Barents Sea
The diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis, respiration, and production of brown alga Fucus vesiculosus abundantly occurring in the littoral of the southern part of the Barents Sea, was studied. Materials for the study were collected in August 2002, July 2011 and April 2013 at a biological station located in Zelenetskaya Bay of the Barents Sea. Small (2-3 cm long) fouling-free thalli without epiphytes and invertebrates were selected for research. It was shown that the dynamics of photosynthesis and respiration of algae during the day depends on illumination (the amount of photosynthetically active radiation). The maximum values of illumination (1.56 mg O2/g·h) and respiration (1.39 mg O2/g·h) were noted in the summer. The maximum daily production was observed in April (0.24 mg C/g·h) and August (0.44 mg C/g·h).
Fucoxanthine Content in Some Black Sea Brown Algae (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)
365-372
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.70
F. P.
Tkachenko
Department of Botany, I.I. Mechnikov Odesa National University,
2 Dvorianska Str., Odesa 65026, Ukraine
I. P.
Yakuba
I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University
2 Dvorianskaya Str., Odessa 65026, Ukraine
brown algae
fucoxanthin
Odessa Bay
Black Sea
Ukraine
The results of the study of fucoxanthine content in the six common and abundantly grown species of brown algae: Scytosiphon lomentaria (Lyngb.) Link, Petalonia zosterifolia (Reinke) Kuntze, Punctaria latifolia Grev., Desmarestia viridis (O.F. Muller) J.V. Lamour., Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngb. from Odessa Bay and Cystoseira barbata (Stackh.) C. Agardh from the Tiligul Estuary of the Black Sea are presented. Algae-macrophytes are a very important component of marine ecosystems. They are used in the food industry and also in agriculture as fertilizers and feed additives. The global algae industry annually processes up to 8 million tons of raw macrophyte biomass. Among processed products, polysaccharides (agar, carrageenan, fucoidan, alginates) are of great importance. They are used in the food industry, medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology, etc. Biologically active substances of algae include pigments used as food coloring and anti-oxidants, as well as medicinal raw materials. Fucoxanthin is the predominant pigment of brown algae. It is used in the treatment of tumor diseases; it also has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant properties, stabilizes carbohydrate metabolism and the cardiovascular system. The pigments were extracted with 96% ethanol. Separation was carried out by thin-layer chromatography on a silofol plate. The pigment concentration was determined by the optical density at the appropriate wavelength and pigment extinction coefficient in this solvent. On average, the content of fucoxanthin in the studied species of algae varies in the range of 0.55-4.11 mg/g of dry biomass. Its smallest content was observed in D. viridis, the largest -in P. latifoli. Seasonal variations in pigment content were noted: in most species, it increased from February to April. Brown algae samples were taken at two stations: in a relatively clean area and in an area with high levels of pollution near the sewage discharge of the biological treatment plant. It was shown that with an increase in the level of eutrophication of water, the content of fucoxanthin in algae decreases. P. latifolia, having the highest content of fucoxanthin among studied species of the
brown algae, is a promising object of biotechnology.
Biological Activity of Methanol Extract from Nostoc sp. N42 and Fischerella sp. S29 Isolated from Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems
373-391
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.80
M.
Safavi
Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology,
P. O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran
Bahareh
Nowruzi
Department of Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Daneshgah Blvd, Simon Bulivar Blvd, Tehran, Iran ORCID: 0000-0001-6656-777X
S.
Estalaki
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
M.
Shokri
International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
biological activities
anticancer
antimicrobial
antioxidant
cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria are abundant producers of natural products well recognized for their bioactivity and utility in drug discovery and biotechnology applications. Novel secondary metabolites from aquatic and terrestrial cyanobacteria are affected by different environmental factors. Cyanobacteria strains from Kermanshah and Golestan province (Iran), where biodiversity is high, are mainly unexplored. Thus, in this research, biological activities (biochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer analyses) of two strains of cyanobacteria, Nostoc sp. N42 and Fischerella sp. S29, were investigated. The amount of total phenols and alkaloids was analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined compared to liver and lung cancer cells using the MTT assay. The antioxidant activity was determined through the DPPH test and the ABTS assay. Moreover, antimicrobial activity was investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using MIC and disk diffusion methods. Results showed that higher amounts of alkaloid (45/33 mg·g-1) and phenol were found in Nostoc sp. N42 and Fischerella sp. Results of cytotoxic activity showed that IC50 methanolic extract of Fischerella sp. S29 against liver cancer was 254.51 μ;g·mL-1 and against lung cancer was 171.74 μ;g·mL-1, while IC50 methanolic extract of strain Nostoc sp. N42 against liver cancer was 583.1 μ;g·mL-1 and against lung cancer was 792.17 μ;g·mL-1. Moreover, the maximum percentage of the inhibitory effect of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were found in Fischerella sp. S29. In nature, this strain encounters numerous
predators in their habitat, so the maximum number of antibacterial and antioxidant metabolites found in this strain is considered an important factor in the protective mechanisms for prosperity in their chosen niche. The results of this study prove that cyanobacteria from terrestrial environments have the ability to produce a large number of secondary metabolites to survive in competitive ecological niches.
Index, Volume 21, 2019
392-398
10.1615/InterJAlgae.v21.i4.90