Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
34
2&3
1998
Estimation of the State of Water Bodies in Ukraine on the Basis of Hydrobiological Parameters: Parameters of Benthos, Periphyton, and Zoophytes
1-5
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.10
O. P.
Oksiyuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
L. N.
Zimbalevskaya
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. A.
Protasov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Studies of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
Yu. V.
Pligin
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
A. V.
Liashenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
To determine the trophic state of Ukrainian water bodies from the parameters of microphytobenthos, microphytoperiphyton, macrophytes, zoobenthos, zooperiphyton, and zoophytos, their gradations were assumed. For all communities (excluding macrophytes), biomass and numbers were divided into nine classes ranging from extremely low to extremely high values. Macrophyte development was characterized by biomass and by cover degree per unit area of the entire reservoir and of the region covered with vegetation. An approximate correspondence of the above parameters to a predominant trophic type is shown.
The Effect of Ammonium Carbonate and Ammonium Bicarbonate on the Gas Exchange in Fishes
6-9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.20
V. F.
Kovalenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
P. D.
Klochenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The effect of various concentrations of ammonium salts of carbonic acid (ASCA) on gas exchange in carp was studied. ASCA at concentration of 7, 10, and 12.5 mg N/l induced no alterations in the intensity and direction of metabolic processes. Concentrations of 12.5−17.5 mg N/l corresponded to a threshold. At 20 and 26 mg N/l, ASCA caused stable alterations in the gas exchange parameters and were toxic for carp.
Biogeography of Continental Water Bodies of Ukraine and Neighboring Territories. 1. Holocene Complexes
10-35
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.30
V. V.
Polishchuk
Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
On the basis of data on the distribution of local aquatic animal complexes in the Pontic-Azov basin and faunistically related areas, a modified biogeographic zoning of water bodies of Ukraine and neighboring territories is proposed. Nine faunal complexes are identified, each with a specific pattern of distribution: Danubian, Dniester, Volga, Central European, Kuban, Colchis-Anatolian, Noghai, and Hyrcanian. The main features of their history, the system of adaptations to changing environmental conditions, specific biocenotic characteristics, parameters of production, self-purification, and other processes, and principal local differences are considered.
Effects of Specific Features of Biotopes and Climatic Conditions of the Ice-free Period on the Biology of Anostraca and Notostraca in the Southern Forest Zone of Russia
36-45
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.40
N. V.
Vekhov
D.S. Likhachev Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Nature Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Cosmonavtov St., 129366 Moscow, Russia
T. P.
Vekhova
Russian Research Institute of Cultural and Natural Heritage Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Observations on populations of Drepanosurus birostratus (S. Fischer, 1851), Pristicephalus josephinae (Grube, 1853), P. shadini (S. Smirnov, 1928), Lepidurus apus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Triops cancriformis (Bosc, 1803) in temporary water bodies of the Moscow region (Moscow and Vladimir oblasts) were continuously performed over ten years (1984−1993). The results showed that in the years with typical climatic conditions, temporary water bodies were more numerous, had a higher water level, and existed for longer periods of time. Corresponding populations of spring and early summer species were characterized by a longer duration of the active phase, and their representatives had greater body size and fecundity. Populations inhabiting deeper water bodies (especially those shaded by trees and shrubs) and shallower pools located in open landscapes demonstrated certain biological differences, which were attributed to different rates and degrees of water warming in their habitats. Dates of formation, existence, water level, and frequency of temporary habitats and body size and fecundity of mature crustaceans proved to depend on climatic fluctuations in spring and summer.
Structural and Functional Features of Zoobenthos and Periphyton in Konin Lakes
46-58
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.50
B.
Zdanowski
Inland Fisheries Institute, Olsztyn, Poland
A. A.
Protasov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Studies of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
O. O.
Sinitsyna
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
Species composition, abundance, biomass, and parameters of destruction were analyzed in the benthos and the periphyton inhabiting the system of heated Konin lakes and channels. The results demonstrated faunistic similarity of benthic communities from five lakes, along with considerable quantitative differences in the composition of zoobenthos. The latter are regarded as resulting from heterogeneity of corresponding biotopes in terms of temperature, water exchange, and the accumulation of organic matter. Attention is given to the functional role of mollusks (Dreissena, Sinanodonta) and bryozoans (Plumatella emarginata).
Chemical Composition of Bottom Sediments and the Zoobenthos of the Daugava River
59-65
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.60
M.
Kljavins
Institute of Biology Academy of Sciences of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
V.
Rodionov
Institute of Biology Academy of Sciences of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
E.
Parele
Institute of Biology Academy of Sciences of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
U.
Tsinis
Institute of Biology Academy of Sciences of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
Bottom sediments and macrobenthos communities of the Daugava River were studied to assess its pollution with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni) and organic substances. A certain relation was revealed between concentrations of pollutants, on the one hand, and the organic carbon content of sediments and the composition of the zoobenthos, on the other. It was found that bottom sediments can serve as reliable indicators of pollution.
Effect of Partially Mechanized Dredging on the Zoobenthos of the Eastern Sivash
66-72
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.70
V. A.
Getmanenko
Ukrainian Azov Station of Fisheries Research, Berdyansk, Ukraina
E. G.
Yanovskii
Ukrainian Azov Station of Fisheries Research, Berdyansk, Ukraina
G. G.
Grout
Ukrainian Azov Station of Fisheries Research, Berdyansk, Ukraina
The effect produced on benthic biocenoses by partially mechanized harvesting of European flounder Platichthys flesus luscus with the aid of dragnets was studied in the Eastern Sivash for three years (1985-1987). The results showed that such harvesting has no significant effect on the zoobenthos as the source of fish food, as floor deposits of the Sivash mainly consist of loose silts that easily pass through the dragnet. No significant changes in average biomass of the zoobenthos were revealed after repeated dredging (four to six times per day).
The Sea of Azov: Sanitary-Biological Characterization
73-80
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.80
O. G.
Mironov
Institute of the Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
The data presented were obtained in 1992 and concern the contents of crude oil, petroleum products, and organic compounds of biogenic origin in the water and bottom sediments of the Sea of Azov. Annual input of oil and petrochemicals reaches a maximum of 100−180 metric tons and averages 24−35 t, so that its admissible concentration in the sea water is exceeded by a factor of 3−20. The total amount of petroleum products in bottom sediments is about 500 thousand tons. Microflora and composition of the meio- and mesobenthos (species diversity and abundance) may serve as indicators of oil pollution.
Individual Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and Hypoxia on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Tissues of Fishes with Different Parameters of Locomotor Function
81-85
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.90
I. V.
Emeretli
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
Cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the liver and muscles of Black Sea fish (Scorpaena porcus, Diplodus annularis, and Trachurus mediterraneus) was studied after short-term differential exposure to higher hydrostatic pressure (3 MPa) and autogenous hypoxia. LDH activity, specific for each tissue, proved to be very sensitive to the effect of high pressure and changed depending on the time of exposure to this factor. The degree of changes correlated with natural locomotor activity of the studied fish species. Hypoxia had no apparent effect on enzyme activity in tissues.
Some Morphophysiological Parameters of Mollusks
86-98
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.100
I. O.
Alyakrinskaya
Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Morphophysiological characteristics of mollusks, including weight indices of internal organs (heart, ctenidium, osphradium, liver) and some hematological and biochemical parameters, are analyzed in relation to specific features of their ecology. It is concluded that the method of morphophysiological indicators, which has been widely used in studies on vertebrates, can be successfully applied to malacological research.
The Combined Effect of Cadmium Chloride and Sodium Nitrate on Luminescent Bacteria
99-102
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.110
T. A.
Geel
Scientific-Research Institute of Biology Irkutsk State University Irkutsk, Russia
T. F.
Kazarinova
Research Institute of Biology Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
D. I.
Stom
Scientific-Research Institute of Biology Irkutsk State University Irkutsk, Russia
The combined effect of sodium nitrate (I) and cadmium chloride (II) on aquatic organisms was tested by means of a bioassay with luminescent bacteria. The results showed that the observed effect of (I) and (II) acting in combination is weaker than their expected additive effect. Hence, in setting standards for concentrations of nitrates in water, it is necessary to take into account the principle of additivity in the combined action of toxicants.
Biotesting the Toxicity of Aquatic Environment by Functional Characteristics of Macrophytes
103-110
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.120
A. I.
Merezhko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Ye. A.
Pasichna
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
A. P.
Pasichniy
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Methodological approaches to the development of a system for testing water toxicity on aquatic macrophytes and filamentous green algae, which are used as test objects, are discussed, and the block scheme of a corresponding experimental device is presented. The proposed algorithm for qualitative interpretation of experimental data is based on the comparative analysis of gas exchange functions (photosynthesis and respiration) in the tested and control water samples. To calculate water toxicity, the following formula is recommended: T = I − (Pt/Rt)/(Pc/Rc),
where T is water toxicity, Pt and Pc are photosynthesis rates, and Rt and Rc are respiration rates of plants in test and control water samples, respectively.
Structural and Functional Parameters of Macrozoobenthos of Water Ecotones and Indicators of the Ecotone Boundaries
111-119
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.130
T. A.
Kharchenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Species composition, numbers, biomass, and production-destruction index of macrozoobenthos were analyzed in the Ukrainian region of lower Danube. Comparison of these parameters with those of a reference ecotone showed that the boundary of the Danube river-sea ecotone is within the foremost part of the estuary. Theoretically, an ecotone was assumed to result from what was termed marginal effect, i.e., specific ecological synergy of two bordering ecosystems. The increased species abundance in an ecotone was considered as its consequence.
About the Spatial Structure of Periphyton
120-130
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.140
A. A.
Protasov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Studies of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
O. O.
Sinitsyna
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The spatial structure of periphytic communities was analyzed with respect to three aspects: its two-dimensional (plane), three-dimensional, and biotopic structure. The complexity of periphyton structure in a plane was studied with the use of microlandscape patterns. Structural and functional parameters of periphytic communities were comparatively analyzed in two biotopes differing in complexity.
Community Structure in Cryophilic Infusoria
131-138
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.150
A. A.
Koval'chuk
Uzhgorod National University Uzhgorod, Ukraine
Structural and functional resilience of communities of cryophilic planktonic infusoria was analyzed in pond cilioplankton. The concept of resilience proved applicable for studying both planktonic and benthic infusoria. The resilience of communities was significantly affected by the proportion of predatory infusoria. Trophic group equitability was shown to be temperature-dependent and to increase when the temperature is stable.
Bacterioplankton Response as Indicator of Alterations in Water Ecosystems Induced by Anthropogenic Pollution
139-151
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.160
G. N.
Oleynik
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. M.
Yakushyn
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
T. N.
Kabakova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Bacterioplankton represents a convenient model for studies of the effect of anthropogenic factors on an ecosystem. Structural and functional alterations in bacterioplankton induced by non-permanent pollution with low and high concentrations of organic matter (OM), chronic pollution with a low OM concentration, and combined pollution with mineral salts and OM was analyzed with the use of laboratory water flow models. The effect of low OM concentrations added at short regular intervals was the most significant. Stable alterations in the structure and metabolism of bacterioplankton were detected. The numbers of bacterioplankton and bacterial production significantly increased. Since bacterioplankton is the most sensitive and quickly-reacting component of biocenoses, its response can be analyzed to estimate alterations in water ecosystems induced by anthropogenic pollution.
Role of Periphyton Growing on Higher Water Plants in Decomposition of Organic Matter
152-158
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.170
V. M.
Yakushyn
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Several approaches to quantitative estimation of the role of periphyton growing on higher water plants in destruction of organic matter (OM) were examined. Daily decomposition of OM was shown to depend on the content of periphyton, turbulent stirring of water, and duration of sample incubation under laboratory or natural conditions.
Specific Features of the Dynamics of the Chlorophyll a Content and the Medium Content of Inorganic Nitrogen Compounds during Vegetation of Algae
159-165
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.180
V. A.
Medved'
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
The 24-h variations of the ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite contents and their association with the chlorophyll a content were analyzed in unialgal cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus acuminatus and in planktonic algae in nature.
Role of Temperature in the Sexual Cycle Regulation in Female Carps
166-173
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.190
V. A.
Klekot
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The effect of thermal conditions on the oocyte development was analyzed in three carp species. A possibility of controlling the female sexual cycle via variations in the thermal regime was analyzed. The results obtained allowed elaboration of biotechnological schemes of reproduction of mirror, grass, and silver carp.
Mitochondrial Proteins in Carp Embryonic Development under Low-Dose Irradiation
174-185
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.200
Yu. D.
Konovalov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A system of protein synthesis in carp embryonic mitochondria proved highly sensitive to long-term low-dose irradiation. Irradiation enhanced production of Cu- and Hg-binding metallothioneins enriched in SH groups. Binding with metal ions altered UV absorption spectra of metallothioneins.
Specific Features of Respiration in Gammarus in Weak Pesticide Solutions
186-194
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.210
A. P.
Garbalau
Moldova National Institute of Ecology, Chisinau, Moldova
I. I.
Dediu
Moldova National Institute of Ecology, Chisinau, Moldova
The intensity of oxygen consumption by freshwater shrimp Gammarus kischineffensis Schell. at low concentrations of pesticides (phosalone, phosphamide, metaphos, lindane, and simasene) was studied. Analysis of the dependence of this parameter on the exposition time (1−6 h) and pesticide concentration (1−600 maximum permissible doses) revealed one or two phases of respiration activation, which were considered as a typical defense reaction of Gammarus. An association between the maximum induced intensity of respiration, corresponding pesticide concentration, and pesticide toxicity was revealed.
New Species of Microsporidia from Bloodsucking Mosquitoes Inhabiting Small Reservoirs
195-211
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.220
P. Ya.
Kiloczyckij
T. Shevchenko Kiev University Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
Seven species of microsporidia of the genus Amblyospora (A. verna, A. firma, A. certa, A. rustica, A. aectiva, A. media, and A. ukrainica) were found in four species of bloodsucking mosquito Aedes (Ae. minus, Ae. punctor, Ae. cinereus, and Ae. c. caspius and Ae. c. dorsalis) from Ukraine. Basing on the character of inclusions in sporonts and sporophore cysts, it was proposed to isolate two new subgenera (Lanicysta and Amblyocysta) in the genus Amblyospora and to consider the genus Hyalinocysta as its subgenus.
Carbohydrates in Water of the Dnieper Reservoirs
212-218
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.230
T. A.
Vasilchuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The dynamics of the content and the molecular-weight distribution of carbohydrates in water of the Kiev, Kremenchug, and Kakhovka reservoirs were studied from 1990 to 1992. To isolate and analyze carbohydrates, dissolved organic matter was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on cellulose-based sorbents and then by gel filtration on Sephadex.
Information Expert System for Assessment and Prognosis of the Water Quality and State of Natural Freshwater Ecosystems
219-225
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i2-3.240
V. I.
Lavryk
Kyiv-Mogyla National University Kyiv, Ukraine
The structure of a computer-based information expert system for the automated complex analysis and prognosis of water quality and state of ecosystems is described. The system consists of a database, a bank of formalized criteria for the interpretation of hydroecological parameters, and a bank of models for mathematical simulation.