Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
34
4-5
1998
Iodine in Natural Waters and Methods of Its Determination
1-14
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.10
A. V.
Shulyarenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Published data on the content and behavior of iodine in natural waters of different genesis are reviewed, and the existing methods of iodine determination in water are discussed with respect to their practical application.
Species Composition of Pico- and Nanophytoplankton in Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems: A Review
15-28
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.20
T. M.
Mikheyeva
Belarusian State University, 4, Nezavisimosti Av., 220030 Minsk, Belarus
The taxonomy of the smallest representatives of phytoplankton (picophytoplankton) has been studied extremely poorly, although they play an essential role in the functioning of water ecosystems. The system of the sea and freshwater prokaryotic and eukaryotic picoplankton, based on the analysis of published data, is presented, and the need for profound taxonomic investigation of the autotrophic picophytoplankton is emphasized. Variations of the species composition of nanophytoplankton in different waters and seasons were analyzed. Three Belarussian lakes of different biolimnological types (mesotrophic Lake Naroch', eutrophic Lake Myastro, and highly eutrophic Lake Batorino) were surveyed. Half of all phytoplankton proved to belong to nanophytoplankton, with the absolute prevalence of chlorococcoid algae in terms of the number of taxa, genera, and species.
Phytoplankton from the Kanev Reservoir and Estuaries of its Main Tributaries, and its Contribution to Water Quality Formation
29-40
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.30
V. V.
Shcherbak
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
N. V.
Maistrova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The comparative analysis of structural and functional characteristics of the phytoplankton was performed in the estuarine areas of the Kanev Reservoir and the mouths of its main tributaries. The effect of tributaries on the saprobiological status of reservoir waters near estuaries was assessed.
Estimating Population Parameters of the Cladocera
41-49
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.40
V. I.
Razlutskii
Institute of Zoology, Belarussian Academy of Sciences, Minsk
A new method for calculating birth rates in cladoceran populations during periods of time shorter than the duration of embryonic development (taking into account the age structure of eggs) was used for processing the results of observations on the Diaphanosoma brachyurum population dynamics in summer, obtained by means of daily sampling. The results showed that birth rate indices may change significantly during intervals shorter than three days. The accuracy of data on population dynamics increases as intervals between sampling become shorter. The main factors affecting the dynamics of D. brachyurum populations are ambient temperature and predation by other invertebrates.
Specific Features of Bivalve Distribution in the System of Heated Konin Lakes (Poland)
50-60
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.50
S. A.
Afanasyev
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. A.
Protasov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Studies of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
B.
Zdanowski
Inland Fisheries Institute, Olsztyn, Poland
J.
Tunowski
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Species composition and quantitative distribution of bivalves were studied in the system of Konin lakes, which serve as cooling reservoirs of two thermal power plants. Attention was focused on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and representatives of the Chinese genus Sinanodonta discovered in Europe for the first time. The upper limit of heat resistance for the latter was estimated at 40°C, i.e., proved to be the highest among species of the family Unionidae. Its maximal average biomass at some sites exceeded 50 kg/m2, which is the highest value ever described for the freshwater zoobenthos.
On the Stability of Trophic Structure of the Black Sea Benthic Fauna
61-68
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.60
G. V.
Losovskaya
Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
The results of studies on the Black Sea benthic fauna showed that its trophic structure is relatively stable. In the northwestern part of the sea, which is exposed to strong anthropogenic impact, organisms feeding on seston are the dominant trophic community. During the period of studies (1977−1985), changes in the trophic structure of the zoobenthos in the Dniester-Danube interfluve were local and temporary. In the Dnieper-Dniester interfluve, however, the trophic zone of detritus-consuming organisms became reduced and then disappeared, whereas the zone of seston-consuming animals expanded considerably. The dynamics of trophic structure proved to depend on the resistance of benthic species to adverse environmental effects, which is determined by the strategy of species survival, especially the reproductive strategy.
Individual Variation and Seasonal Dynamics of Carotenoid Content in Gonads of Black Sea Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Cultivated in Collectors
69-76
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.70
G. S.
Minyuk
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, NAS of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Pr., Sevastopol 99011, Crimea
M. V.
Nekhoroshev
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Researches, 2 Nakhimov Pr., Sevastopol 99001, Crimea
Z. A.
Romanova
Institute of the Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
T. N.
Yaitskaya
Institute of the Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
A. F.
Kozintsev
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Prosp., 99011 Sevastopol, Republic of Crimea, Ukraine
Carotenoid content in mature gonads of cultivated Black Sea mussels (shell length 54−90 mm) demonstrated a strong seasonal variation and proved to be independent of sex, size, and age of mollusks and the degree of gonad maturation at the prespawning stage. The seasonal dynamics of carotenoid content in gonads correlated with that of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in the region of mussel cultivation.
Controlling the Overgrowing of Water Supply Lines with Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha Pall., D. bugensis Andr.)
77-84
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.80
L. V.
Shevtsova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Kyiv University of Management and Business
Strategic technological approaches to establishing effective control over zebra mussel growth in hydraulic structures are proposed. Examples of their practical applications at the Kharkov water supply station and in irrigation systems of southern Ukraine are described.
Microbiological Characteristics of Water from Artesian Wells of the City of Kiev
85-101
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.90
G. N.
Oleynik
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
T. N.
Kabakova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Water from artesian wells located in the city of Kiev was studied with respect to the development of total bacterioplankton and saprophytic bacteria and the possibility of penetration of microorganisms from the surface, soil, and ground waters to deep water-bearing horizons. The presence of some genera of iron bacteria in the water from artesian wells was discovered. The diversity of morphological forms of microorganisms developing in this water and overgrowing water supply lines was documented.
Specific Features of Tissue Metabolism in Fishes Reared in Regulated Recirculation Systems of Water Treatment
102-111
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.100
V. D.
Solomatina
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
M. V.
Malinovskaya
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. F.
Kovalenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The influence of high ammonium concentrations in water on its excretion by fishes and the dependence of this process on temperature were studied. It was shown that high environmental concentrations of ammonium lead to changes in gas exchange, the contents of nitrogen compounds and adenine nucleotides, and parameters of lipid metabolism in fish tissues. The adverse effect of ammonium manifests itself in the reduced role of proteins and lipids in cell energetics, which is the factor responsible for the impairment of organism's supply with energy-rich phosphorus compounds.
Accumulation of Microelements in Organs and Tissues of Fishes Differing in Feeding Specialization under Conditions of Cultivation in Fishponds with Heated Water
112-124
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.110
N. Yu.
Yevtushenko
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Accumulation of manganese, zinc, copper, and iron in organs and tissues of three fish species − Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Salmo gaird-neri − was studied in the course of their cultivation in fishponds. Fishes received food with different proportions of ingredients of plant and animal origin. Fishes with different feeding specialization proved to differ in the level and dynamics of metal accumulation and the ratio of microelements in organs and tissues. Significant changes of metal contents in tissues during the growing season (from June to November) are explained by variation in the intensity of metabolic processes, biological demand for microelements performing different physiological functions, provision of fish organism with these microelements, and their metabolic expenditures.
Life Forms of Fishes and Energy Value of the Functional-Morphological Coefficient
125-135
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.120
V. T.
Komarov
Institute of the Biology of Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
The life form of fishes is regarded as a complex of adaptations to swimming. Each adaptation is characterized by a functional-morphological coefficient K, a morphological index coupled with a hydrodynamic function. It is proposed that K is related to energy, which is described by the equation Q = aKb. This equation is regarded as a taxonomic character. The exponent b characterizes the process and is defined as the energy value of K. Using an example of the relation K = h/l, where h and l are body height and length, it is demonstrated that intraspecific ecomorphs (high- and low-bodied) of Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) differ in parameters of swimming by 30%.
Age-related Changes of NADP-dependent Dehydrogenase Activities in the Liver of Carp
136-138
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.130
M. V.
Malinovskaya
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The results of experiments on comparative analysis of NADP-dependent dehydrogenase activities in the liver of immature and mature carps before and after spawning are described.
Dynamics and Long-Term Changes of the Surface Parameters of Phytobenthos in the Northwestern Region of the Black Sea
139-146
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.140
G. G.
Minicheva
Institute of Marine Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 37, Pushkinskaya St., Odesa 65048, Ukraine
A complex of new structural and functional parameters of the algal surface was used to characterize the vertical, seasonal, annual, and spatial variation in phytobenthos of the northwestern region of the Black Sea. The surface parameters of phytocenoses were shown to be changed over the recent 40 years as a result of eutrophication. The major principles of changes in aquatic vegetation associated with intensification of the autotrophic process in an ecosystem were assumed.
Growth and Survival of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) as Dependent on Population Density under Various Rearing Conditions
147-154
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.150
The effect of population density on the growth and viability of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) was analyzed at various rearing conditions. Equations approximating the dependence of the growth rate on the population density in juvenile forms and adults were obtained.
Qualitative Diversity of a Model Population of Microalgae as an Indicator of the Biological Quality of Water (with an Example of the Moscow River)
155-161
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.160
A. G.
Nedosekin
Department of Hydrobiology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russia
M. M.
Telitchenko
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
V. G.
Movchan
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Qualitative diversity of an indicator algal culture was used to characterize the water quality. The results obtained by this new technique were consistent with those obtained by the standard methods of biological water monitoring. The proposed method allowed a more detailed analysis of the water quality and can be used to examine it all year round.
Characterization of Plankton and the Ecological Sanitary State of the Cooling Reservoir of the Ladyzhin Thermal Power Station
162-171
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.170
O. A.
Sergeyeva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
R. A.
Kalinichenko
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
S. I.
Kosheleva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The parameters of bacterio-, phyto-, and zooplankton and the chemical composition of water were studied to characterize the ecological sanitary state of the cooling reservoir of the Ladyzhin thermal power station in 1993. The results were compared with those obtained in 1974, i.e., during the early operation of the reservoir. The quantitative parameters of plankton did not change over this period. However, the water quality got worse with respect to the phosphate concentration, dichromate oxidation, and biochemical consumption of oxygen in five days (BCO5) most likely as a result of fish farming. By these parameters, water was qualified as polluted or even muddy. Other parameters characterized water as satisfactorily pure or pure.
Microbiological Processes in Small Lakes to the North of Ladoga
172-182
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.180
E. B.
Pavel'eva
Institute of Zoology, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
The numbers and total activity of bacteria were shown to be consistent with the trophic level of six small lakes of Karelia in summer. The activity of microflora in autumn was lower than in summer. Parameters of the functional activity of bacteria were nearly identical in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes and were higher in eutrophic humified lakes. However, two eutrophic lakes markedly differed in seasonal variation of bacterial synthesis and decomposition. It was assumed that standard coefficients cannot be used to calculate the rate of microbiological processes in all lakes, and that the specific factors of individual lakes must be rather considered.
The Effect of Ammonium Salts of Carbonic Acid on the Development of Phyto- and Zooplankton
183-193
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.190
G. V.
Parchuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The effect of ammonium salts of carbonic acid (ASCA) on the growth of planktonic algae and the development of zooplankton was studied. These nitrogen-containing substances were shown to increase the numbers and biomass of phyoplankton, thus intensifying the quantitative development of planktonic animals.
Lipid Peroxidation in Carp Tissues Affected by Ammonia
194-200
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.200
Yu. V.
Leus
Chernigov State Pedagogical University, Chernigov, Ukraine
The rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in homogenates and subcellular fractions of white muscles, liver, gills, and blood of carp with ammonia intoxication (0.1 mgA) was studied. At this concentration, the toxicant did not increased the malonic dialdehyde content in all but one examined tissues (excluding blood). The exposure to ammonia increased the activity of NADP+-dependent LPO system, while the Fe2+-ascorbic acid-dependent and spontaneous peroxidation were prevalent in control fishes. The role of the LPO systems in adaptive structural reorganization of membrane lipids in ammonia intoxication is discussed.
Specific Features of the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Fishes from the Kremenchug Reservoir
201-211
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.210
N. Yu.
Evtushenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
O. V.
Danilko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cr, Sr, Cd, Co, Pb, and Mn) were mostly accumulated in superficial fish tissues: gills, fins, and scales. Their concentrations were higher organs with a higher functional activity: liver, kidney, spleen, and gonads. A relatively high accumulation was also found in the intestine. The depositing capacity of tissues proved species specific. As compared with predators, benthophagous species accumulated more toxic elements.
Distribution of Ionized Cobalt between the Components of Model Water Ecosystems
212-225
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i4-5.220
A. Ye.
Vasyukov
Institute of Monocrystals National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
B. S.
Sverdlova
Research Institute of Water Conservation, Khar'kov, Ukraine
A. Yu.
Milanich
Research Institute of Water Conservation, Khar'kov, Ukraine
The distribution of cobalt ions in model ecosystems containing water from the Dnieper-Donbass Channel, phytoplankton, and benthic sediment was studied. The cobalt concentration in water decreased as a result of the formation of complexes with dissolved organic matter and, to a lesser extent and at a lower rate, of its absorption by phytoplankton. The distribution was significantly changed in the presence of other metals: when added in combination with copper and cobalt, cobalt remained unbound and its concentration was nearly constant. Benthic sediment absorbed cobalt ions at a gradually decreasing rate until its concentration became lower than that detectable polarographically. Equations approximating the distribution of cobalt ions in the model water ecosystems were obtained, and their coefficients were calculated.