Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
34
6
1998
Higher Aquatic Plants in a Lake Contaminated with Radionuclides: Composition, Distribution, Storage, and Accumulation of Cesium-137
1-9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.10
A. P.
Pavlyutin
Belorussian State University, Minsk, Belorussia
B. A.
Babitskii
Belorussian State University, Minsk, Belorussia
Species composition and distribution, seasonal dynamics and accumulation of cesium-137 by higher aquatic plants in a small drainless Lake Svyatskoe (Belarus) were studied during the growing season of 1993. The total macrophyte phytomass stock was 10.561, and the mass of their roots was 4.281 of dry weight. Cesium-137 accumulation in green mass and macrophyte roots was 108.6 and 96.4 MBq, respectively. The overall accumulation of this radionuclide by macro-phytes constituted 5% of its stock in the water mass of the lake.
Specific Features of Fluoride Ion Content in the Dnieper Reservoirs
10-17
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.20
L. A.
Zhuravleva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. V.
Shulyarenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The data on fluoride concentration and dynamics in the Dnieper tandem reservoir system for 1993−1994 were summarized, systematized, and processed mathematically. Coefficients of correlation between fluoride concentration and water mineralization, and regression equations were obtained for different reservoirs.
Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of the Dniester River and the Dubossary Reservoir
18-27
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.30
Ye. I.
Zubkova
Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Kishinev, Moldova
Results of long-term studies on the content and dynamics of heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Pb, Ti, Ni, Mo, V, and Cu) in bottom sediments of the Dniester River and the Dubossary Reservoir are presented. Variations in the overall metal content in bottom sediments, distribution of metals over fractions of different particle size, and the dynamics of mobile forms of metals were found to depend on organic matter content and particle size distribution in bottom sediments.
Determining the Optimal Water-Salt Regime of Lakes Yalpug and Kugurlui by Means of Mathematical Modeling
28-35
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.40
V. I.
Lavryk
Kyiv-Mogyla National University Kyiv, Ukraine
A. N.
Bilyk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
N. A.
Nikiforovich
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A mathematical model simulating the processes of water-salt regime formation in lakes Yalpug and Kugurlui (the Danube basin) was developed. Using this model, changes in water volumes and mineralization were predicted for various scenarios of reconstruction of hydraulic works regulating the Danube water supply to these lakes.
Problems of Ecologically Safe Water Consumption and Protection of Water Bodies: An Example of Lake Baikal
36-40
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.50
G. I.
Galazii
Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
The existing rules of water body protection from pollution with sewage are shown to be inadequate, as they do not take into account the features specific for different geographic zones and altitudinal belts. Using an example of Lake Baikal, new approaches to the problem of water protection are proposed.
Trends in Anthropogenic Transformation of Aquatic Vegetation in Marshland-Littoral Geosystems of the Northern Black Sea Region
41-48
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.60
Yu. R.
Shelyag-Sosonko
Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
D. V.
Dubyna
Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Tendencies in the replacement of aquatic plant communities in marshland-littoral geosystems of the northern Black Sea region are described. It is shown that the combined influence of anthropogenic factors, leading to the reduction of water supply and increased recreational load, will accelerate the corresponding succession. The paramount importance of solving the problem of succession management is emphasized.
Zannichellia major Boenn. Communities in the Kerch Strait, the Black Sea
49-53
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.70
N. A.
Mil'chakova
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimova Pr., 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine
The composition and structure of Zannichella major Boenn. communities discovered in the Kerch Strait are described. It is shown that conditions for the growth and functioning of these communities in the region under study are superior to those in other zones of the Black Sea.
The Ecology of a Predatory Black Sea Turbellarian
54-61
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.80
V. V.
Murina
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
V. A.
Grintsov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
Turbellarians Stylochus tauricus were found to be associated with colonies of Balanus improvisus barnacles on which they feed. It was shown that the average daily amount of food consumed by a 9−12-mm turbellarian feeding of barnacles 10−12 mm in diameter is 0.42 mg dry weight. The maximal density of S. tauricus (0.26 ind./cm2) was observed at a depth of 12 m in autumn. Stylochus tauricus can feed on young barnacles of another species, Balanus eburneus, whereas predation on Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels is rare. The abundance of S. tauricus turbellarians directly correlates with that of prey consumed. The pattern of S. tauricus distribution at depths ranging from 3.5 to 12 m is relatively uniform, whereas that of barnacles suggests their aggregation.
Resistance to Low Temperature in Steelhead Trout and Beluga Cultivated in the Black Sea Water
62-69
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.90
G. Yu.
Tolokonnikov
Institute of the Biology of Southern Seas, Odessa Branch National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine
Critical and lethal water temperatures were determined for the yearling steel-head trout and beluga cultivated in the Black Sea in winter. The winter period of cultivation was characterized by two peaks of feeding activity and specific growth rate in steelhead trout and one such peak in beluga.
Free Amino Acids in Ecological Metabolism of Algae
70-79
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.100
The intensity of free amino acid accumulation and release by algae depends on their physiological activity. The highest content of exogenous amino acids in water is observed at peaks of algal population density. The composition of endo- and exogenous amino acids changes both quantitatively and qualitatively during different growth phases of algal cultures.
Diurnal Dynamics of Organic Matter Production by Phytoplankton
80-83
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.110
A. P.
Sadchikov
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
O. A.
Frenkel
Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
Phytoplankton releases organic matter 24 hours a day. On average, 17−43% of daily amount of assimilated carbon is returned to the environment. The peak of release is usually observed in the midday, but in some cases it shifts to the morning or evening hours.
The Functional Role of Hemoglobin in the Hemolymph of some Representatives of the Family Planorbidae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)
84-88
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.120
I. O.
Alaykrinskaya
Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Under the same conditions of oxygen supply, hemoglobin content in the hemolymph of Planorbis planorbis is two to four times as high as in the hemolymph of Pl. corneus. This allows representatives of the former species to "inhale" air less frequently than it is necessary for Pl. corneus mollusks. Relative hemoglobin content in Pl. corneus snails from a dried pond proved to be increased. This may provide for a high buffer capacity of the hemolymph, which is very important for metabolism under anaerobic conditions.
The Relationship between Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activity in Tissues of Black Sea Mussels
89-96
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.130
I. I.
Rudneva-Titova
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Prosp., 99011 Sevastopol, Ukraine
In studies on the Black Sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, differences between the ratios of lipid components, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation parameters in foot muscles, hepatopancreas, and gonads were revealed. The contents of glutathione, carotenoids, vitamin A proved to be similar in all the tissues; antioxidant enzyme activities in muscles were 1.3−2.7 times as high as in the gonads and hepatopancreas; the content of lipid peroxidation products in gonads was lower than in other tissues. In the gonads and muscles, in contrast to the hepatopancreas, antioxidant processes prevailed over lipid peroxidation. Coefficients of correlation between all the parameters under study were calculated.
Efficiency of Locomotion and Limits of Energy Metabolism in Copepod Crustaceans (Copepoda)
97-106
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.140
L. S.
Svetlichniy
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
Trends in the dynamics of respiration rate and the efficiency of swimming in dependence on mechanical energy of locomotion were analyzed in six species of Black Sea and Mediterranean copepods. Respiration rate proved to weakly depend on mechanical energy expenditures, whereas locomotion efficiency monotonously increased from 2.5−6 to 22% proportionally to mechanical load. These relationships are explained by highly efficient mode of muscle contraction associated with swimming by leaps.
Early Embryos of the Black Sea Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. as a Test Object for Assessing the Quality of Natural and Waste Waters
107-117
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.150
I. V.
Khodakov
Ukrainian Research Center of Marine Ecology, Odessa, Ukraine
S. Ye.
Dyatlov
Institute of Marine Biology
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Odessa, Ukraine
A. G.
Petrosyan
Odessa Branch of the A.O. Kavalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 37. Pushkinskaya St., 65011 Odessa, Ukraine
An express method for sea water testing on early embryos of Mytilus galloprovincialis mollusks is described, in which calculated indices characterizing the synchronism of cleavage divisions in one- two- and four-cell embryos are used as criteria of assessment.
Productivity of Aquatic Organisms in Radioactively Contaminated Rivers
118-131
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.160
A. I.
Merezhko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. P.
Pasichniy
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
I. M.
Velichko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
S. L.
Gusynskaya
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
K. B.
Yakubovskii
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. V.
Sherstyk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Ye. A.
Pasichna
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
L. L.
Savitskaya
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Studies on aquatic animals and plants in the rivers contaminated with radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident revealed intensification of photosynthesis in higher plants, green filamentous algae, and phytoplankton, accompanied by an increase in the biomass of both these hydrophytes and the zooplankton.
External Water Exchange in Water Bodies of the Lower Dnieper Floodplain as a Factor of Control over Their Ecosystems
132-146
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.170
An original method for quantitatively assessing water exchange between floodplain water bodies and the main course of the river near its mouth was proposed and further developed by the author. This process, which is an important factor for the functioning of floodplain lake ecosystems, can be regulated in the Dnieper River by controlled water release from the Kakhovka hydraulic power system. The rational management of lake ecosystems depends on proper combination of the volume and timing of water release. The data of long-term studies were used to derive the equation that describes the relationship between parameters of external water exchange and hydrologic factors on which they depend. This opens perspectives for developing methods of control over these parameters and, on this basis, of aquatic ecosystem management.
Ecohydrological Approach to Demarcation of Shoals in Reservoirs
147-152
10.1615/HydrobJ.v34.i6.180
S. S.
Dubnyak
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
Demarcation of the zone of shoals in reservoirs is proposed to perform by analogy with lake littoral. The criterion for determining the "seaward" boundary of this zone is the depth of scouring wave action calculated by empirical formulas in which the main factor is the wave height of 15% probability. The landward boundary is proposed to determine by the maximal height of capillary ground moistening.