Begell House Inc.
Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering
CRB
0278-940X
35
5
2007
A Review on Techniques for Tremor Recording and Quantification
343-362
10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.10
Paulo Henrique G.
Mansur
Federal University of Uberlandia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Brazil
Lacordaire Kemel P.
Cury
Federal University of Uberlandia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Uberlandia, Brazil
Adriano O.
Andrade
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Engenharia Biomédica, Brazil
Adriano A.
Pereira
Federal University of Uberlandia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Uberlandia, Brazil
Guilherme Alessandri A.
Miotto
Federal University of Uberlandia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Uberlandia, Brazil
Alcimar B.
Soares
Federal University of Uberlandia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Uberlandia, Brazil
Eduardo L. M.
Naves
Federal University of Uberlandia, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Uberlandia, Brazil
tremor
essential tremor
Parkinson's disease
enhanced physiological tremor
Tremor is the most common movement disorder and differs from other disorders by its repetitive, stereotyped movements, with regular frequency and amplitude. The three most frequent pathological forms of it are the essential tremor (ET), the Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor, and the enhanced physiological tremor. The ET and PD tremor affect the older population mostly. Although there are cases of tremor reported since ancient times, there is currently no consensus about its causes or about its main differential characteristics. In this article, we present a review of the methods more frequently used in measurement and analysis of tremor and the difficulties encountered in the research for the identification of methodologies that allow a significant advance in the study of tremor.
Collagens of Articular Cartilage: Structure, Function, and Importance in Tissue Engineering
363-411
10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.20
Donald J.
Responte
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, USA
Roman M.
Natoli
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University; and Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
Kyriacos A.
Athanasiou
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
ultrastructure
biomechanics
crosslink
collagen fibril
collagen network
Collagen is a crucial matrix component of articular cartilage. Because articular cartilage is a load bearing tissue, developing mechanical integrity is a central goal of tissue engineering. The significant role of collagen in cartilage biomechanics necessitates creating a collagen network in tissue engineered constructs. An extensive network of collagen fibrils provides cartilage with mechanical integrity, but developing strategies to replicate this collagen network remains a challenge for articular cartilage tissue engineering efforts. To study the structure and biomechanics of the collagen network, many experimental and computational methodologies have been developed. However, despite extensive cartilage tissue engineering research, few studies have assessed collagen type, crosslinks, or fibril orientation. Further study of the collagen network, both within native tissue and engineered neotissue, will enable more robust constructs to be developed. This review focuses on the biology and biomechanics of the collagen network, relevant experimental methods for assessing the collagen network, and articular cartilage tissue engineering studies that have examined collagen.
Alternative Devices for the Quantification of Human Motion
413-442
10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.30
Amy R.
Sipp
Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, USA
Blair A.
Rowley
Department of Biomedical, Industrial, and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, USA
force platform
video tracking system
accelerometer
gyroscope
falling
Force platforms and video tracking systems have been used to characterize subject movements and resultant forces to identify common characteristics of individuals who have experienced recurring falls. Short-term training using force platforms with feedback has been effective in reducing sway. Because of the expense and size requirements of these systems, researchers have pursued alternate means of quantifying postural motion. Most recently, this has involved various combinations of accelerometers and gyroscopes. This review article summarizes the main aspects of many of these designs and shows the high correlation of results obtained relative to video tracking methods. Most notably, measurements of the lower leg have reached correlation coefficients as high as 0.98 when using high-pass filters to eliminate signal drift. Many complications have been overcome, such that accelerometers and gyroscopes are considered acceptable for use in human motion measurement devices.
ERRATUM: Clarification of and correction to "Mathematical models of oxygen and carbon dioxide storage and transport: the acid-base chemistry of blood", Critical ReviewsTM in Biomedical Engineering, Issue 3, Volume 33, pp 209-264, 2005
443-445
10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.40