Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
36
1
2000
Communities of Zooplankton in Lakes in the Course of Their Contamination and Restoration
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.10
N. M.
Mingazova
Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russian Federation
O. Yu.
Derevenskaya
Kazan (Privolzhskiy) Federal University
Kazan, Russian Federation
Long-standing investigations were carried out on the example of three model lakes differing in the level of their anthropic load. Based on the data obtained, it has been found that indices of zooplanktonic communities can be used in evaluating changes of the ecological state of lakes after improving their sanitary conditions.
Plankton and Benthos of Bol'shoy Sarycheganak Bay (the Aral Sea)
20
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.20
A. A.
Filippov
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
M. I.
Orlova
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
O. M.
Rusakova
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
L. V.
Zhakova
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
I. S.
Plotnikov
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
A. O.
Smurov
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
N. V.
Aladin
Institute of Biology of Inland Waters
Borok, Russian Federation; Zoological institute
Russian Academy of Sciences St Petersburg, Russian Federation
Prior to the 1980s, plankton and benthos of Bol'shoy Sarycheganak Bay were closely similar to those of the rest of the area of water of the Lesser Aral Sea by their species composition and character of changes. Separation of the bay from the main area of water of the sea in 1987 and a sharp increase in water salinity resulted in complete degradation of characteristic communities of aquatic organisms. After resuming the connection between this bay and the sea in 1992, initial communities of aquatic organisms also began to restore gradually. In 1994, the major portion of the flora and fauna of the Bol'shoy Sarycheganak bay was represented by the organisms common to the rest of the Small Aral Sea. Some structural peculiarities of aquatic communities made it possible to conclude that the ecosystem of the bay was at the stage of formation.
The Relationship between Biomass of Phytoplankton and Water Regime in Floodplain Water Bodies of the Estuarine Section of the Dnieper River
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.30
V. S.
Polishchuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
O. P.
Oksiyuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
It has been found that biomass of phytoplankton in floodplain water bodies of the estuarine section of the Dnieper river is dependent upon the flowrate through the dam of the Kakhovka Hydro-Electric Station, as well as upon the period of external water exchange in them. It was concluded that it is possible to control the values of phytoplankton biomass by means of controlling the flowrate through the dam of the Kakhovka reservoir.
Zoobenthos and Zooperiphyton of the Irtysh river
17
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.40
T. A.
Sharapova
Tyumen Scientific Center
Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Tyumen, Russian Federation
The structure of zoobenthic communities occurring on different bottom sediments and changes in the communities of zooperiphyton occurring at different depths of the Irtysh river have been studied. The role of zoobenthic and zooperiphytic organisms in drift has been shown. Peculiarities of the spatial distribution and growth of the dominant species Hydropsyche ornatula (Trichoptera) in different biotopes of the river have been investigated.
Monitoring of the Chlorophyll a Content in the Bratsk Reservoir
8
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.50
O. M.
Kozhova
Scientific Research Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
L. R.
Izmestyeva
Scientific Research Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
L. S.
Krashchuk
Scientific Research Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia
Variations in the concentration of chlorophyll a in the Balagansk transect of the Bratsk reservoir were studied. Seasonal fluctuations in the concentration of chlorophyll a and its distribution in water column were registered. It was found that a gradual increase of chlorophyll a concentration began in succeeding years after the decrease of its concentration to the minimal value registered in 1993.
Biochemical Composition of Organic Matter in Water of the Eastern Part of the Indian Ocean
9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.60
Yu. P.
Kopytov
А.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas,
2, Nakhimov Ave., Sevastopol 299011, Crimea
I. M.
Tsymbal
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
I. A.
Divavin
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
Main classes of organic matter (OM) in marine water (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, hydrocarbons, and nucleic compounds) were studied in 0 - 300 strata of the Southeastern part of the Australian depression in the Indian Ocean. Samples at 11 stations were taken, and concentrations of different OM classes were determined. Carbohydrates content is 80% of total OM and 90% of its dissolved part. Compounds with molecular mass less than 10 kDa were predominant in the OM composition. The hydrocarbon contamination was registered in the Northeastern part of the area, with the highest value at the depth of 150 m. Its presence was connected with the penetration of an extraneous water stream.
Determination of Proteolytic Activity in Natural Waters by the Method of Fluorescence Polarization
3
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.70
A. P.
Sadchikov
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
O. A.
Frenkel
Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
S. A.
Eremin
Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
Changes in sizes of protein molecules during enzyme hydrolysis are controlled by means of measurement of fluorescence polarization of proteins marked by a fluorescent stain. The method may be used to evaluate proteolytic activity in environmental waters.
Physical-chemical Interaction between Models of Cone-shaped Shells of Mollusks, and Moving Water
9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.80
Yu. Yu.
Yurchenko
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
K. M.
Khaylov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
Cones of foil which simulated mollusk shells were covered with solidified plaster-polyvinylacetate (PVA) mixture. The loss of plaster from the surface of models under the action of seawater in the surf or hydrodynamical tube indicated an intensity of interchange of soluble substances of the shell and water. It was found in particular that physical-chemical interaction with water is slowed down when shells have ribbed surface; such an exchange is limited also in nonmoving, stagnant water, but living mollusks can change their body position that promotes the process. The solubility of plaster (simulating the natural exchange) decreased almost six fold as the velocity of water flow increased from 2 to 10−12 m/s.
Resistance of Oligochaetes of the Family Tubificidae to Organophosphorus Pesticides
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.90
L. N.
Lapkina
Institute of Inland Waters Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
N. R.
Arkhipova
Institute of Inland Waters Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
Nine species of oligochaetes of the family Tubificidae were exposed to solution of organophosphorus pesticides during 48 hours. Thresholds of toxic effects of phosdrin, paraoxon, phosalon, and dichlorovos differ in the species studied, but range within 0.1−1.0 mg/L in general. Alongside with this, there exist also interspecies distinctions in resistance to pesticides as well as in an intensity of biocidal affect; specific sensitivities (ascertained by LC50) range in wider limits, from 0.5 to 120 mg/L. Potamotrix species are less resistant to pesticides used in the experiment than Aulodrilus pluriseta, Tubifex tubifex and species of the genus Limnodrilus. The sensitivity of oligochaetes is compared with that reported in literature on some other worms .
Behavior of Cyprinid Larvae under Action of Carbon Dioxide, Zinc, and Amino Acids
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.100
S. V.
Kruzhilina
Institute of Fishery, Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
V. P.
Bil'ko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A series of vented chambers with various concentrations of agents in question was freely accessible for fish larvae. Numbers of larvae found in one or another chamber at certain time intervals served as a measure of medium preference or avoidance. Larvae of grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp preferred concentrations of CO2 of 1−13 mg/L. Larvae of grass carp did not clearly react to Zn concentrations from 0.01 to 5 mg/L. Four-day larvae of this species are incapable of distinguishing Zn concentrations which are lethal for them. Five-day larvae of common carp do not perceive differences in content of amino acids dissolved in water.
On population structure of the Black Sea - Azov Sea fish Alosa caspica tanaica (Grimm), (Clupeidae)
5
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.110
B. I.
Pravotorov
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A fish Alosa caspica tanaica from various populations inhabiting the mouth areas and water bodies adjacent to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov is somewhat distinguished by phenotypic characters. The analysis of a number of morphometric data has led to the conclusion that external distinctions observed are a consequence of morphological plasticity reflecting the peculiarities of habitats. Hence, populations existing in the Black- Azov Seas basin should not be classified as several subspecies.
Changes in Physiological Indicators and Behavioral Responses Induced by Pinealectomy in Rainbow Trout (Salmo irideus)
5
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.120
V. N.
Radchenko
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
M. Yu.
Aleyev
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
There were the darkening of skin, decreased motor activity, disrupted phototaxis, and disturbed schooling behavior as the consequences of surgical destruction of the pineal organ in females of rainbow trout. The numbers of polymorphous-nuclear leukocytes in the blood and oocytes at higher stages of their maturity also declined. Taking into account the multiform participation of pineal secretion in regulation of reproductive function and other processes in the organism, the authors believe that it is possible to stimulate or artificially inhibit the pineal activity by regulating the light intensity for the purposes of growth acceleration or increasing the immune reactivity of fishes.
Influence of Balanus on Character of Distribution of Individuals of Mussel Mytilaster and Red Alga Ceramium in Fouling Communities
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.130
V. A.
Grintsov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
There were studied peculiarities of distribution of some aquatic organisms in a fouling community forming on artificial substrate in marine environment. The components of this cenosis were Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilaster lineatus, Balanus improvisus, and the alga Ceramium rubrum. The character of distribution of settling larvae and algal spores was simulated with aid of grains of sand. It is concluded from analyzing the scattering indices and interspecies correlation characteristics, that distribution patterns of the conditioner species (balanus in that experiment) and dependable species are determined mainly by a sequence of settling on a substrate; distribution of spores is influenced also by hydraulic factors of environment. It is possible that conditioners may be represented by several species, in particular outstripping the other community components by the growth rate.
Effects of Copper Ions on Thiol Compounds in the Liver of Carp
6
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.140
O. B.
Stoliar
Ternopil Teachers Training Institute
Ternopil, Ukraine
V. Z.
Kurant
Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Teachers-Training University
Ternopil, Ukraine
R. B.
Balaban
Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Teachers-Training University
Ternopil, Ukraine
In carps exposed during 7 days to the influence of water medium containing copper in concentrations 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, the content of acid-soluble thiols (AST) in liver decreased about threefold; the contents of malone dialdehyde and acid-insoluble thiols (ALT) were also lowered, but to a lesser degree. At the same time, the level of the metallothionein-like proteins increased. As the effects of 1.0 mg/L copper for 2 days were the diminished contents of common protein and AST, while that of AIT grew. The alterations in the content of thiol compounds may be a sensitive test in studies of copper effects.
Radionuclides in Some Components of the Southern Bug River Ecosystem
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.150
I.
Merezhko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
I. V.
Pan'kov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. P.
Pasichniy
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
I. M.
Velichko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The comparative data are reported concerning the radioactivity of abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems of the Southern Bug River, its tributaries, along with the Tashlyk and Ladyzhyn reservoirs in 1988-1992 (the first of them serves as cooling water body for the South Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant, SUNPP). Radionuclides of Chernobyl origin exerted a significant influence on the radioactive background in these areas. The contents of 90Sr and 137Cs in the Southern Bug waters were substantially higher in 1988 than before the Chernobyl accident (1986); accumulation of radionuclides in bottom sediments and fish was the highest. In 1992, the contamination level of bottom grounds in the upper reaches of the Southern Bug almost approached the pre-accident level as to 90Sr, whereas l37Cs content remained 5.4 times higher than in 1978-1984. The SUNPP is influencing to some degree the radioactivity level in the Tashlyk reservoir, and therefore this source is considered as one of constant factors forming the radioecological situation in the Southern Bug basin.
The Dissolved Forms of Aluminum in Water of the Kiev Reservoir
9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.160
T. A.
Yermolayeva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The aluminum dissolved forms have been investigated in the water of the Kiev reservoir. The main part of aluminum belongs to organic complex compounds with a relatively low molecular weight (up to 5000 a.m.u.). The humic substances play the priority role in the process of the complex formation. The carbohydrates are the second group of potential organic ligands. The protein-like substances bind the least quantity of aluminum. The seasonal distribution of aluminum between its complex compounds with dissolved organic substances is shown.
Monitoring of Trace Elements in the Kuchurgansk Reservoir
12
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.170
Ye. I.
Zubkova
Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Kishinev, Moldova
Dynamics of fluorine, zinc, manganese, lead, aluminum, titanium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and copper content in water, suspended matter, sediments, and hydrobionts in the cooling reservoir of the Moldavian Power Station were studied. Based on the materials collected in 1976-1996, the dependence of distribution and dynamics of trace elements content on the complex of natural and anthropic factors was established (including amount of the fuel burnt at the station).
Long-term Changes in Mineralization and Ionic Composition of Water of the Dnieper Reservoirs
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.180
L. A.
Zhuravleva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Materials of long-term hydrochemical investigations of the Dnieper reservoirs have been analyzed. The tendency to the increasing of water mineralization and changes of ionic components is shown. Modern conditions of operation by the Dnieper cascade of reservoirs and other anthropic factors determinate their water quality, which becomes worse. Standards for water consumption are discussed.
Chemical Composition and State of Ctenophore Mnemiopsis mccradyi (Mayer) in the Black Sea
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i1.190
V. Ye.
Anninskiy
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
A. D.
Gubanova
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
The chemical composition of ctenophores Mnemiopsis mccradyi (Mayer) of the same size (approximately 30 mm measuring from the statocyst to osculum) has been investigated. It is characterized by predominance of protein (934.9±145.5 μ;g/g of wet weight) in organic matter, phospholipids (36 %) and sterols (31 %) - in total lipids (100.7±34.1 μ;g/g), and glycogen (35−65 %) - in carbohydrates (73.9±17.9 μ;g/g). Glycogen, total and stored lipids content where the least stable in the animals studied, and the parameters changed from the region to region, depending on ctenophores food supply in the sea.