Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
36
2
2000
Biological Diversity of Aquatic Cenoses and Water Quality in the Lower Reaches of the Danube River within the Territory of Ukraine
26
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.10
T. A.
Kharchenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. V.
Liashenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
I. Kh.
Bashmakova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The problem of modern state of biological diversity and water quality of aquatic ecosystems in the lower reaches of the Danube river within the territory of Ukraine is discussed. The reasons of adverse phenomena occurring in the last 40−50 years under the influence of anthropic factors, including changes in the structural and functional organization of aquatic cenoses, are analyzed.
Species Composition and Quantitative Development of Benthic Ciliates in the Reservoirs of the Dnieper River
13
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.20
A. A.
Koval'chuk
Uzhgorod National University Uzhgorod, Ukraine
Species composition and quantitative indices of development of benthic ciliates of some reservoirs of the Dnieper river were studied. Seasonal dynamics of their numbers and biomass, as well as peculiarities of the distribution of benthic ciliates over different biotopes (habitats), were investigated.
The Concept and Methodology of the Restoration of Small Lakes
12
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.30
N. M.
Mingazova
Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russian Federation
O. Yu.
Derevenskaya
Kazan (Privolzhskiy) Federal University
Kazan, Russian Federation
Based on the global, domestic, and regional experience of the restoration of lake ecosystems, the concept and methodology of the restoration of small freshwater lakes was proposed. Scientific and theoretical foundations, objectives, tasks, principles, and criteria of restoration were determined. The methodology of restoration is based upon the choice of methods depending on the indices of ecological state of water bodies.
Relationship between the State of the Ecosystem of the Estuarine Section of the Dnieper River and the flowrate through the Dam of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station
12
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.40
V. S.
Polishchuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
It was found that the decrease in the flowrate through the dam of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Station below the ecological norm in summer results in degradation of the state of the ecosystem of the estuarine section of the Dnieper river. The equilibrium between the process of production and decomposition in the river-bed network is displaced in the positive direction and, in consequence, the quality of water is impaired. Significant oxygen deficiency associated with mass deaths of hydrobionts is registered in the floodplain water bodies. The flowrate lower than the ecological norm may be applied only during a strictly limited period of time; its permissible duration should be justified by calculations.
Interrelation Between the Accumulation of Cs-137 by Freshwater Plants and Detritus and the Total Content of Mineral Elements in Them
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.50
A. P.
Pavlyutin
Belorussian State University, Minsk, Belorussia
The interrelation between the concentration of Cs-137 in higher aquatic plants and plant detritus (from Glyceria aquatica) and the content of ashes in them was established. In this case, the coefficients of correlation accounted for 0.86 and 0.98 respectively.
Photosynthetic Activity of Dominant Species of the Dnieper River Phytoplankton
14
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.60
V. I.
Shcherbak
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Geroev Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine
It has been found that photosynthetic activity of the populations of the dominant species of the Dnieper river phytoplankton is related to the volume of algal cells. Ratio between the area of the cell surface and its volume also affects photosynthetic activity. The maximal photosynthetic activity of a population of the species concerned is observed at the early stage of its domination; its production decreases with increasing biomass.
Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Two-year Channel Catfish (Ictalarus punctatus Raf.) reared in Heated Water
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.70
L. Ya.
Kurovskaya
Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
V. V.
Grusevich
Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Institute of Fish Fanning, Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
Studies on channel catfishes reared in stews (28−29°C; SF) and basins (25−26°C; BF) begun from the same initial weight of fish individuals, 12 grams. At the age of two years the body mass as in SF was twice as much in BF receiving the fish stuffing as a food admixture. The content of water-soluble proteins in muscle tissues showed no difference in both groups compared, but protein content in hepatopancreas, spleen, and blood serum in SF was significantly higher. Glucose content and a-amylase activity of hepatopancreas were also higher in SF. Proteolytic activity in muscles was lower in BF; however, phosphatase and lipolytic activities in organs of these fishes were higher.
The Spatial Organization of Diatomaceous Fouling on Experimental Constructions (Compared to Other Phytosystems)
13
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.80
A. V.
Prazukin
Institute of the Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
K. M.
Khaylov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
There are considered the peculiarities of spatial distribution of algae fouling a module patterned after a brush with preset densities of its vertical rods (axial structures, AS). The algal cover was formed naturally, in the sea environment during 20 days. The fouling density as considered in vertical direction depended on the density of AS which, determining hydrodynamical and light conditions, influenced a formation intensity of a phytosystem. Features of fundamental similarity and specificity of plants distribution in aquatic and terrestrial, natural and artificial phytosystems are discussed. The distribution of energy and matter in the volume occupied with a phytosystem are subjected to the common laws, and this explains a great similarity in spatial organization of such systems.
The Influence of Habitat Conditions on the Properties of Eggs Proteins of Silver Carp
16
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.90
Yu. D.
Konovalov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
There are done the results of ion-exchange column chromatography and gel filtration of proteins from mature eggs of three silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val)) groups: (1) growing in the Kakhovka reservoir continuously; (2) those grown in the reservoir but then they were kept in ponds during winter and spring before the study; (3) fish growing in ponds continuously. It has been found that content of acid polypeptides in mitochondria (M) prevailed 5.3 over times the quantities of base ones; 3.8 % of common protein were the thioneins capable of binding Hg2+, Cd2+, Cb2+, Zn2+. In fishes (2), the content of anionic proteins in M was lesser, and content of metallothioneins was greater than in fishes (1). The protein spectrum of eggs cytosol is more variable, polypeptides in eggs of pond females are less heterogeneous. Proteins of M and cytosol in eggs of fish from reservoir are rich in SH-groups. The established peculiarities are connected to adaptations to distinctions in the inhabitats of fishes.
Some Conceptual Approaches to Modeling the "Parasite - Host" System under Conditions of Toxically Contaminated Aquatic Environment
8
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.100
V. I.
Lavryk
Kyiv-Mogyla National University Kyiv, Ukraine
O. N.
Davydov
I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
L. P.
Braginskiy
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The conceptual approaches for investigation of dynamics of populations in a system "parasite - host" under conditions of toxically contaminated aquatic environment are considered. Taking into account those concepts and some possible modes of interrelations between parasites, their eggs and populations of hosts, the mathematical models for a "parasite - host" system have been constructed. These models quantitatively characterize with a various plentitude the components of such a system. In particular, the results of calculations are shown pertinent to the dynamics of parasite and host populations at an intense host reproduction, and also in the case when host population is degraded (mortality prevails over the birth rate.)
Retrospective and Modern Ecological Problems of the Dnieper
14
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.110
L. A.
Sirenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Pr. Geroyev Stalingrada, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine
A. D.
Fedorovskiy
Earth Aerospace Research Centre, Institute of Geological Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The basic stages of the hydroecological research development on the example of the Dnieper River and the cascade of its reservoirs were analyzed during the period 1909 − 1998 (in connection with the eightieth anniversary of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). The main directions of investigations, methodology, and methods of their carrying out are discussed: from floristic and faunistic studies of different parts of the river to the study of its ecosystem after the construction of the cascade of water reservoirs along the whole Dnieper length with the use of standard hydroecological methods of in situ and remote monitoring. Examples of effective application of aerospace photography for updated study of some hydroecological, environmental and hydroeconomic problems are proposed.
Problems of Small Rivers and Fundamental Approaches to Their Research
6
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.120
A. I.
Merezhko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The reasons of degradation of small rivers ecosystems are discussed. Fundamental approaches to investigations in this field were determined, both for nowadays and for perspective.
Invertebrates as Monitors of Polymetal Contamination of Bottom Sediments
17
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.130
N. V.
Bren'
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. G.
Domashlinets
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Peculiarities of heavy metals accumulation in bottom invertebrates of the Kakhovka reservoir are established. Factor and correlation analysis of the results obtained was performed.
Statistical Relationships in the Kuybyshev Reservoir Ecosystem
12
10.1615/HydrobJ.v36.i2.140
V. K.
Shitikov
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
V. V.
Menshutkin
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
V. N.
Pautova
Institute of Volga Basin Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Tol'yatti, Russia
V. I.
Nomokonova
Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok; and Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
V. A.
Seleznev
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
I. I.
Popchenko
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
T. D.
Zinchenko
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
A. V.
Ivatin
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
L. A.
Vykhristiuk
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
M. M.
Vykhristiuk
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
T. I.
Kazantseva
Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tolyatti, Russia
Data of long-term observations on the development of the Kuybyshev reservoir ecosystem have been analyzed with the aid of statistical methods. Series of its characteristics with similar rhythm of seasonal, interannual and spatial changes have been established. Correlations calculated with the time-shift showed poor correlation between separate components of plankton, and plankton and benthos. Correlations between phytoplankton, hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics are numerous. Strong correlations have been found in the benthic community.