Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
37
3
2001
Productional Characteristics of Lake Ecosystems
13
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.10
A.F.
Alimov
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
In order to obtain additional information on the productional characteristics of lake ecosystems, some components of the best-understood biotic balances of lakes of the moderate and arctic zones of the European part of Russia and Byelorussia were analyzed. The following indices were calculated: the production of animal communities, their biomass, the total biomass of an ecosystem (the sum of the biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms), the production of an ecosystem (the difference between the primary production of an ecosystem and the total losses due to the process of metabolism of all hydrobionts of an ecosystem), and also P/B and K2-coefficients for an ecosystem. The equations descriptive of relationships between the biomass of zooplankton, zoobenthos, bacterioplankton, and heterotrophic organisms, and also between the appropriate P/B coefficients, and the primary production of an ecosystem were derived. It has been found that an ecosystem can not be considered as a simple sum of its components. It is a system with complicated internal relationships characterized by a high efficiency of functioning (Ke = 0.25), and also by a high rate of turnover of its annual biomass close to 1.
Plankton, Benthos and Periphyton of the Cooling Pond of the Khmelnitskaya Nuclear Power Station
19
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.20
O. O.
Sinitsyna
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
R. A.
Kalinichenko
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
O. A.
Sergeyeva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
A. A.
Sylaieva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
Ye. A.
Golubkova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The structure and some functional characteristics of phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos and zooperiphyton of the cooling pond of the Khmelnitskaya Nuclear Power Station have been investigated. An extent of the development of plankton and zoobenthos was moderate. The quantitative indices of the development of zooperiphyton were rather low, which is related to the absence of macroscopic forms.
Vertical Distribution of Phytoplankton in Salt Lake Shira
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.30
T. A.
Zotina
Institute of Computerized Simulation Siberian, Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics Siberian, Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
In summertime, the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in salt Lake Shira (Krasnoyarsk region) was non-uniform. The peak of its development was registered at the depths of 2.0-2.5 S (where S is transparency of water by a Secchi disk). Such a type of vertical distribution was characteristic of all dominant species of phytoplankton (representatives of the genera Lyngbya, Microcystis, and Dictyosphaerium), with the exception of species of the genus Cyclotella.
Ichthyoplankton Responses to Anthropic Influences in the Zones of the Black Sea Harbors
9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.40
A. D.
Gordina
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine; Marine Branch of the Ukrainian Research Hydrometeorological Institute Sevastopol, Ukraine
A. V.
Tkach
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine; Marine Branch of the Ukrainian Research Hydrometeorological Institute Sevastopol, Ukraine
S. D.
Sevrikova
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine; Marine Branch of the Ukrainian Research Hydrometeorological Institute Sevastopol, Ukraine
Sevastopol Bay is considered as an example of state of food base and conditions for fish reproduction in the Black Sea harbor zones. The fishery significance of this bay was utterly lost during the 1970-1990s in consequence of its disturbed water exchange with the open sea part and a variety of toxic pollution. The species diversity and numbers offish eggs and larvae are sharply diminished.
The Community of the White Sea Microbenthos as an Indicator of the Sate of the Aquatic Environment
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.50
V. L.
Burkovskiy
Moscow State University, Russia
A. K.
Kashunin
Moscow State University, Russia
A. I.
Azovskiy
Moscow State University, Russia
Several areas in the intertidal zone of Kandalaksha Gulf subjected to anthropic influences were under study during the summer seasons of 1991 -1993. Littoral communities of microzoobenthos in those areas contained only from 20 to 30% of the species commonly inhabiting the grounds typical for them. The species composition and numbers of infusorians in the biotopes studied were very variable, and it is characteristically the appearance of local 'dots' extremely saturated with the species consuming bacteria, detritus, plant, and animal remains. 40% of differences in the species composition of communities were related to the ground concentration of pollutants and 58% were dependent on ratios of the content of heavy metals and organic compounds in biotopes. Toxicants differing by their nature lead to similar degradation changes in the structure of communities. Integral characteristics of communities determined by processing the whole assemblage of indexes give fuller information to evaluate a community state than such indexes as biomass and numbers of microzoobenthic organisms.
The Role of Brain g-Aminobutirate Shunt in Adaptaition of Fish to Extreme Environmental Factors
11
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.60
A. O.
Zhydenko
Chernigiv State Pedagogical University, Chernigiv, Ukraine
V. V.
Kryvopysha
Chernigov State Pedagogical University, Chernigov, Ukraine
The authors studied the changes in contents of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the intermediates involved in its forming pathway (shunt) in brains of pond carps during a year. An increased production of GABA and g-oxiaminobutyric acid (GOBA) promotes energy preservation in brain under unfavorable seasonal state offish organism (April). In NН3 toxicosis, an increased GOBA production (GABA transamination) supports the tolerance of central nervous system to that toxicant. After addition of Mg2+ to water medium with an enhanced NН3, glutamate, and GABA in brains; acetylcholinesterase activity was restored. These effects evidence a protective action of Mg2+ at stress states in fish.
Methodical Aspects of Decoding the Space Images of Aquatic Vegetation Landscapes for the Estimation of the Ecological State of the Mouth Areas of Rivers
11
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.70
A. D.
Fedorovskiy
Earth Aerospace Research Centre, Institute of Geological Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
L. A.
Sirenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12, Pr. Geroyev Stalingrada, 04210 Kiev, Ukraine
K. Yu.
Sukhanov
Earth Aerospace Research Centre, Institute of Geological Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
V. G.
Yakimchuk
Earth Aerospace Research Centre, Institute of Geological Sciences National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
Methodical aspects of assessment of ecological conditions of the river mouth sites based on the known interrelation between aquatic vegetation landscape complexes (AVLC) and hydroecological characteristics of aquatic environment are considered. As the basis of the analysis, the formal classification of AVLC based on the principles of landscape-system approach and Fuzzy Sets theory is proposed. The results of the research of criteria for evaluation and selection of space images for interpretation of landscape structures are presented.
A Methodology for Studying the Bioinert System "Solid Substratum - Organisms - Water flowing around them"
13
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.80
K. M.
Khaylov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
Yu. Yu.
Yurchenko
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
D. M.
Smolev
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
Physico-chemical and biological interactions in experimental biotic-abiotic systems "solid abiotic substratum - organism - moving water" have been studied by means of physical modeling. Data related to water movement around the models are correlated with population density of the fouling organisms on the similar models.
Influence of Sublethal Lead Concentrations on the Content of Thiol Compounds and Proteins in Carp Organism
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.90
O. B.
Stoliar
Ternopil Teachers Training Institute
Ternopil, Ukraine
V. Z.
Kurant
Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Teachers-Training University
Ternopil, Ukraine
V. A.
Khomenchuk
Ternopil National Pedagogic University, Ternopil, Ukraine
P.B.
Balaban
Ternopol State Pedagogical University Ternopol, Ukraine
After 7-days influence of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L lead on carps the decrease in protein thiols and the increase in non-protein thiols, as well as the activation of peroxide oxidation of lipids in liver were observed. In blood concentrations of plasma proteins, methemoglobin and reduced glutathione decreased, whereas the concentration of plasma protein thiols increased. In liver content of a total salt-soluable and metalothioneine-similar protein as well as total blood hemoglobin, proteins and thiols in white muscles were within the mark. After direct lead ions' impact, the content of protein thiols (albumin) lessened a larger extent than that of non-protein (glutathione). The 0.2 mg/L concentration affected the carp organism in a great extent.
Peculiarities of Radionuclide Accumulation by Representatives of "Soft" Benthos after the Chernobyl Accident
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.100
I. V.
Pan'kov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A. D.
Andreyev
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The radioactivity of "soft" benthos representatives within the aquatic ecosystem affected by the Chernobyl accident can differ in hundred times. It is connected with the non-homogeneous radioactive contamination of bottom sediments. In this case, the content of long-living radionuclides in organisms of Oligochaeta and Chironomidae larvae depends on both the level of radioactive contamination of bottom sediments and the quantity of their radioactive elements in biologically accessible forms.
A New Antistress Preparation, Glycilanilid, and the Method of its Use for Pisciculture
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.110
O. G.
Zin'kovskiy
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
A. S.
Potrokhov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev
Some problems on using a new atnistress preparation, glycilanilid, are considered with the aim of increasing survival of fishes under conditions of their artificial reproduction and transportation.
Assessment of Toxicity of Plant Growth Regulators by Biotesting on Daphnia magna Straus
17
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i3.120
S. P.
Ponomarenko
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine; Institute of Bioorganic and Oil Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The influence of six plant growth stimulants (ivin, emystim C, zeastimulin, agrostimulin, betastimulin, and poteytin [potatin]) on survival, development, and fertility of daphnias (water fleas) has been demonstrated. Vital, lethal and median concentrations of these biostimulants for daphnias are within the range of hundreds milligrams, grams, and even dozens of grams per 1 L. The concentrations that caused no observable effect were established. The studied chemical compounds are practically non-toxic for daphnias.