Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
37
4
2001
The Black Sea in Works of Ukrainian Hydrobiologists of the 20th Century: A Review
23
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.10
Yu. P.
Zaitsev
Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Odessa Division of the Southern Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Odessa, Ukraine
A review of investigations and publications on the Black Sea marine biology carried out mainly in the principal marine scientific centers in Odessa, Sevastopol, Karadag and Kerch, is presented. The influence of different natural and social factors on the priorities and the effectiveness of marine biological research in different years is discussed. The new situation in the 1990s, when many possibilities for participation of Ukrainian specialists in international programs and projects in the Black Sea appeared, is analyzed.
Peculiarities of the Biology of Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz) under Conditions of the Black Sea
9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.20
A. N.
Grishin
Southern Scientific-Research Institute of Marine Fishery and Oceanography Kerch, Ukraine
The results of continuous long-term studies on the population of Mnemiopsis leidyi (A. Agassiz) (Ctenophora) occurring in the Black Sea are presented. A comparison of the literature and original data on the biology of Mnemiopsis leidyi under conditions of the Black Sea made it possible to supplement and improve the present view of the biology of this species.
Species Diversity of Free-Living Plankton Ciliata in Lakes of Dry and Plain Steppes (the Baikal Area, Mongolia)
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.30
L. I.
Lokot'
Chita Institute of Natural Resources Siberian Department Russian Academy of Sciences Chita, Russia
The results of the study of free-living plankton Ciliata occurring in steppe lakes of the Baikal area and Mongolia are presented. It has been found that free-living Ciliata are not diverse in their species composition, whereas their species structure is ecologically non-uniform. Polydominant communities prevail.
Dynamics of the Concentration of Chlorophyll and Photosynthetic Activity of Algae in the Ice of a Fresh Water Body
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.40
V. V.
Zavoruyev
Institute of Computerized Simulation Siberian, Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics Siberian, Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoyarsk, Russia
The distribution of chlorophyll and photosynthetic activity of algae occurring in the ice of a fresh water body was studied in winter and in springtime. It has been found that the maximum concentration of chlorophyll in the ice accounted for 0.6 ug/L. Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were found to be more resistant to the influence of a negative temperature as compared to other representatives of the algal flora. In winter, phytoplankton occurred mainly in the lower layer of ice, whereas in spring it was registered in its middle layer.
Biological Problems of Oil Contamination of Seas
16
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.50
O. G.
Mironov
Institute of the Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
Oil and oil products belong to the most important toxicants of the marine environment. Oil hydrocarbons enter seas and oceans by a natural route and mainly as a result of human economic activities. Oil contamination of the marine environment has stimulated investigations aimed at the study of the regularities of the influence of oil contamination on marine organisms and their communities, and also at the elucidation of their role in the processes of self-purification of sea waters from oil hydrocarbons. This made it possible to elaborate the methods of bioindication of oil contamination, and also to create a set of artificial hydrobiological systems for the purification of sea waters and sanation of the coastal areas of water.
The Influence of the Duration of Exposition on the Indices of Phytoplankton Primary Production in Eutrophic Water Bodies Using the Bottle Method in the Oxygen Modification
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.60
V. I.
Shcherbak
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 12 Prosp. Geroev Stalingrada, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine
The bottle method with the daily exposition is a reliable tool for determining the total primary production in eutrophic water bodies, if the biomass of phytoplankton does not exceed 15.0 g/m3. The implementation of this method with the daily exposition at a higher biomass of phytoplankton introduces errors into the measurements. At higher biomass parameters of phytoplankton (more than 15.0 g/m3), the values of the total primary production are 1.74-2.78 times lower than the integral values obtained by summing the data of 4-hour exposures, The data obtained are statistically valid.
Retrospective Analysis of Water Quality in the Lower Reaches of the Danube
15
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.70
T. A.
Kharchenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
I. Kh.
Bashmakova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The comparative data analysis shows that a number of important characteristics determining water quality have undergone the substantial changes in the Ukrainian part of the Danube during the second half of the 20th century. Thus, water turbidity reduced by the factors of 1.5-2 of its former values, the index of general mineralization have increased 1.5 times, the content of organic matter in water has risen by 35-40%. As a consequence of water clarifying, the photosynthetic processes in plankton activated, and the numbers of algae and biomass are now 2-3 times and 3-7 times as great, respectively, as in the 1950s. On the background of the total twofold diminishing of bacterial numbers, the numbers of saprophytes augmented 6 times.
Solid-Phase Extraction of Organic Semivolatile and Non-volatile Compounds Contaminating Natural Waters in Trace Amounts
11
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.80
M. V.
Milyukin
Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The work is concerned with the preparation of general concentrate for quantitative determination of organic impurities (trace amounts of synthetic toxic compounds) in the natural waters. There are presented and commented, taking into account the author's own experience, all the stages of water samples treatment for the conclusive identification of impurities by chromatographic and mass spectrophotometric methods. The sensitivity of the techniques used is illustrated by the results of analyses of surface water samples from two Dnieper reservoirs.
The Role of Some Invertebrates in Radionuclide Migration through the "Bottom Sediments - Water Column" Phase Division (Interphase)
8
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.90
I. V.
Pan'kov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. A.
Maksimovich
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
T. P.
Prityka
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The model slowly flowing media contained the native silt from the 30-km zone of the Chemobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). There were compared the intensities of washing out Cs-137 from the media where Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Chironomus plumosus were introduced. At 12-18°C, one gram of oligochaetes effects in 0.46 Bq and the same mass of chironomids affords 1.24 Bq of Cs-137 released into the water during 24 hours. Using the removal coefficient proposed by the authors, it was calculated that more than 5% of Cs-137 contained in the water of the Kiev Reservoir might be determined by vital activities of oligochaetes and more than 1% of that - by chironomid larvae.
The Microbial Metabolism of Organic Carbon in Bottom Sediments of the Rybinsk Reservoir
8
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.100
D. B.
Kosolapov
Institute of Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences Borok, Yaroslavl Region, Russia
B. B.
Namsarayev
Institute of Biology of Inland Waters Russian Academy of Sciences Borok, Yaroslavl Region, Russia
It is elucidated that in the surface layers of bottom grounds of the Rybinsk Reservoir, aerobic microorganisms decompose the most part of organic matter (OM). Proteolytic and celluloselytic bacteria are highly active at the initial stages of that process. Methanogenesis is dominating at the terminal stages of OM breakdown. Acetogenesis plays a considerable role at the intermediate mineralization stages that take place in the sediments leaner in biogenic elements.
Metal-binding Proteins of Mature Fish Eggs
13
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.110
Yu. D.
Konovalov
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
It was shown that amounts ofthioneins enriched in free-reacting SH-groups and binding the Hg2+, Cd2+ Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions are increased in the cytosol and mitochondria of fish eggs under the action of these cations. Cations of heavy metals, being the components of a protein complex, differently influence the properties of metal-binding proteins and it appeared in an inhomogeneity of their ultraviolet absorption spectra.
Toxic Action of Organic Compounds and Heavy Metals on Epischura Baicalensis and Daphnia Magna in the Presence of Fodder Organisn
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v37.i4.120
D. I.
Stom
Scientific-Research Institute of Biology Irkutsk State University Irkutsk, Russia
T. A.
Geel
Scientific-Research Institute of Biology Irkutsk State University Irkutsk, Russia
The toxic action of some organic compounds and heavy metals on Epischura baicalensis and Daphnia magna was studied under laboratory conditions with and without fodder organisms. On addition of algal cells (Euglena and Scenedesmus) and yeast to the medium the toxic action of the solutions of resorcinol, mannitol, and CdCl2 on Epischura baicalensis increased. In the variations without microorganisms it was essentially lower. In the presence of fodder organisms in the medium, tolerance of Epischura baicalensis for the toxic influence of the solutions of HgCl2 and CuSO4 increased. At the same time, in the presence of algae and yeast in the medium tolerance of Daphnia magna for the toxic compounds mentioned above either increased, or remained unchanged. The toxic action of organic compounds and heavy metals on Daphnia magna never increased in the presence of fodder organisms. It has been found that in the presence of algae and yeast in the medium Epischura baicalensis and Daphnia magna have different degrees of tolerance for the toxic compounds mentioned above. This fact may be accounted for by the selectivity of nutrition of Epischura baicalensis, and hence by the increased influx of toxicants in its organism as a result of the increase in the rate of filtration in the presence of fodder organisms.