Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
39
3
2003
Current Problems and Achievements of Ukrainian Hydroecology in the Field of the Ecological Assessment of the State of Surface Water Bodies
15
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.10
V. N.
Zhukinskiy
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. D.
Romanenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The methodology of the integral environmental assessment of the state of aquatic ecosystems in accordance with the Directive 2000/60/EC on water policy is reviewed. Some scientific measures for "ecologization" of water policy in Ukraine had been justified. In particular, a system of environmental classification schemes of the surface water quality; the method of its objective assessment; the method of its mapping; the method of the establishment and use of ecological standards of the surface water quality, and the method of quantitative assessment of the environmental damage and environmental risk with regard to surface water quality have been developed by Ukrainian hydroecologists.
Metabolic Responses of Black Sea Fishes to Long-Term Experimental Hypoxia
10
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.20
G. Ye.
Shulman
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Sevastopol, Ukraine
A. Ya.
Stolbov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Science of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
A. A.
Soldatov
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Science of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
G. S.
Minyuk
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, NAS of Ukraine, 2, Nakhimov Pr., Sevastopol 99011, Crimea
Ye. V.
Ivleva
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Science of Ukraine Sevastopol, Ukraine
I. V.
Drobetskaya
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Science of Ukraine Sevastopol, Southern Fishery and Oceanography Research Institute, Kerch, Ukraine
As it was shown in fishes that breathed in the respirometers where O2 content was lowered to about 54% (golden mullet) and 35% (sea scorpion) of its normoxic level, these species use, in particular, such compensatory mechanisms as the system transporting O2 to the tissues and utilization of protein (nitrogen) substrates in their energy metabolism. These mechanisms enable surviving in extremely unfavorable environmental situations.
The Nucleolar Activity of Carp Cells in Mediums with Different Contents of Potassium Ions
8
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.30
V. V.
Arkhipchuk
Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
Ya. A.
Stoyka
Institute of Colloid Chemistry and Water Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The influence of artificial mediums with different concentrations of potassium ions on nucleolar parameters (the number and size of nucleoli, the share of cells with heteromorphic-paired nucleoli) in fin and spleen cells, as well as on the RNA and DNA content in spleen cells of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was under investigation. The nucleolar parameters of fin cells and the RNA content and the RNA/DNA ratio in spleen cells of carps cultivated during 28 days in three artificial mediums were significantly decreased in comparison with the environmental water, whereas no distinct response of the nucleolar characteristics in spleen cells has been observed. The studied mediums were ranged by their negative influence on the nucleolar parameters as well as the RNA-synthesis activity indices, as follows: the artificial medium with the optimal salt content (3.5 mg potassium ions/L) і the low potassium concentration medium (0.35 mg/L). Under environmental water conditions, the nucleolar activity indices in carp fin cells correlate with nucleolar morphometric parameters, as well as with the RNA-synthesis activity indices in spleen cells.
Radionuclides in Components of the Ecosystem of the Kanev Reservoir
12
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.40
Ye. N.
Volkova
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev
V. V.
Beliayev
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev
Z. O.
Shirokaya
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev
The content of artificial radionuclides registered in components of the Kanev reservoir in 1986-2000 was analyzed.
Involvement of Surfactants in the Regulation of the Development of Microscopic Algae
7
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.50
T. V.
Parshikova
T. G. Shevchenko Kiev National University, 60, Vladimirskaya St., 01017 Kiev, Ukraine
Results of the study of the influence of the cationic surfactant (catamine) on the growth, reproduction, motion, and energy potential of the test-culture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dang.) (Chlorophyta), and also on the same characteristics of representatives of the genera Nostoc, Synechocystis, and Anabaena (Cyanophyta), are presented. The vital activity of the algae was assessed by the microscopic and fluorescent methods, and also by the method of laser-Doppler spectrometry used for evaluating the rate and energy potential of their motion. It has been found that in the presence of surfactants morphological, functional, and metabolic characteristics of the algae belonging to various taxonomic groups changed.
On Distribution of Fish Ligulosis in the Kiev Reservoir
6
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.60
O. N.
Davydov
I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
L. Ya.
Kurovskaya
Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
R. Ye.
Bazeev
Institute of Zoology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
The expansion of ligulosis among fishes in different parts of the Kiev Reservoir was studied during 1997-2001. It is shown that mean numbers of fishes (Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna, Abramis brama, Abramis ballerus, Leucaspius delineatus) invaded by Ligula plerocercoids were 2.5 times higher in the upper part of the reservoir than that in its lower part. It has been stated the existence of an age dynamics in the intensity of infestation of white bream (Blicca bjoerkna) with Ligula, while seasonal dynamics was not detected.
Fluorine in Natural Waters (review)
12
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.70
A. V.
Shulyarenko
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A review of the study of the content of fluorine in natural waters is given in the present paper. Data on its concentration, behavior, and relationship with other chemical elements in natural waters differing in their origin obtained by various authors were generalized and systematized.
On the Method of Toxicological Experiments with Hydrobionts Using Heavy Metals
11
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.80
L. P.
Braginskiy
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
A significant complexity (illustrated by chemical and biological dependences) of the problem consisted in the determination of toxicity of heavy metals for hydrobionts in modeling toxicological experiments was under consideration. The greatest difficulties as to the estimation of results are connected with complexation processes in which heavy metals, organic substances of natural water, and excretions and metabolites of test organisms take part (chemical detoxification). The necessity is noted for the recalculation of initial metal concentrations to the doses determining the actual toxic effect. The recalculation formulas are proposed, which take into account a biomass of test organisms and the rates of complexation and biological absorption of heavy metals. Attention is concentrated on the fact that doses of heavy metal received by the whole organism and its several vitally important organs are inadequate to the predetermined concentrations created initially because of chemical and biological detoxification. As the free cations are main toxic form of metals, the maximum concentration limits have to be calculated not by the total concentration of a metal, but based on a content of toxic cations in the water of an experimental vessel.
History of the Study of Pelagic Ostracoda of the Southern Ocean
9
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.90
N. V.
Kruk
Institute of Biology of the Sea Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok, Russia
V. G.
Chavtur
Institute of Biology of the Sea Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok, Russia
Results of the study of pelagic Ostracoda of the families Halocyprididae and Cypridinidae occurring in the Southern Ocean and adjacent areas of water (up to 30° S) are presented. Generalization of literature data made it possible to assess the present state of the art of investigating pelagic Ostracoda of this region. The objective of the work was to summarize available data on Halocyprididae of the Southern Ocean as a preliminary stage of original investigations.
Bioassay of the Toxicity of the Aquatic Environment Containing the Ions of Cu (II) and Humic Acids
18
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.100
T. A.
Vasilchuk
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The influence of Cu2+ ions and humic acids, and also their joint action, on Daphnia magna Straus were studied in the experiments using distilled and drinking water, and also natural water taken from the Kanev reservoir. The toxicity of the aquatic environment was conditioned by the presence of free (hydrated) ions of Cu (II). It decreased with decreasing their concentration. Humic acids formed complexes with the ions of Cu (II), as a result of which the toxicity of the aquatic environment decreased. In natural waters, both dissolved organic matter and humic acids formed complexes with Cu2+ ions. As a consequence, these waters were characterized by the lowest toxicity. At a lower concentration of Cu2+ ions (50 and 100 mg/L), their almost complete detoxification was registered after 96 hours of exposure. At a higher concentration of Cu2+ ions, the formation of complexes occurred slowly, as a result of which the toxicity of the aquatic environment was registered for a longer time. Data on the distribution of Cu (II) in the complex compounds with humic acids in the experiments using distilled and drinking water, and also in the complexes with dissolved organic matter and humic acids in the experiments using natural water, are presented,
Structure of Communities of Free-Living Benthic Nematoda of the Kremenchug Reservoir
5
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.110
V. P.
Mashina
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
The structure of communities of free-living Nematoda occurring in various types of bottom sediments of the Kremenchug reservoir was studied. It has been found that silted sands are most favorable to the development of benthic Nematoda.
Influence of Detergents on the Amino Acid Composition of Protein of the Green Alga Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek
6
10.1615/HydrobJ.v39.i3.120
F. P.
Tkachenko
Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of Sea (UkrSCES), Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, 89, French Boulevard, Odessa 65009, Ukraine; Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt Carmel 31905 Haifa, Israel
Ye. B.
Kutsyn
Odessa National Mechnikov University, Department of Botany
Dynamics of the content of protein and amino acids in the green alga Cladophora vagabunda under the influence of detergents were studied. It has been found that household detergents were responsible for a decrease in the content of protein, and also for the deterioration of its quality as compared to the standards adopted by the WAO/WHO. At the same time, contamination of the aquatic environment by detergents was responsible for the increase in the content of amino acids involved in the processes of osmosis regulation and detoxication of pollutants.