Begell House Inc.
Plasma Medicine
PMED
1947-5764
3
1-2
2013
Editorial to the Special Issue on the "1st Young professionals Workshop on Plasma Medicine 2012"
vii-ix
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014011885
Kai
Masur
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Stephan
Reuter
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Differential Viability of Eight Human Blood Mononuclear Cell Subpopulations After Plasma Treatment
1-13
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008450
Sander
Bekeschus
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Julia
Kolata
Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Anne
Muller
ZIK plasmatis at Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Axel
Kramer
Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Barbara
Broker
Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Immunology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Kai
Masur
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
plasma medicine
cold atmospheric pressure plasma
human blood cells
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
oxidative stress
In plasma medicine, basic and translational research aids in future application of cold plasma sources in human diseases or disorders (e.g., chronic wounds). While most
work has focussed on the interaction of skin cells with plasma, immune system cells have only been marginally examined. Their role is of major importance because they fulfill key regulatory parts in immune responses and modulate inflammation in all types of tissues. This work
systematically investigates eight different subpopulations (monocytes and CD4+, CD8+, B, NK, NKT, TH17, and γδ T cells) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with regard to viability after 5, 20, or 60 s of plasma treatment. Twenty-four hours after exposure, viability differed between populations (23.1% CD4+ versus 41.9% γδ T cells after 60 s of exposure) as revealed by flow cytometry. Cellular activation before plasma treatment increased survival in all subpopulations tested (26.8% in nonstimulated versus 50.0% in stimulated CD8+ T cells after 60 s of exposure). All lymphocyte subpopulations showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower survival rates compared to monocytes (35.9% for B cells versus 82.5% for monocytes after 60 s of exposure) but not compared to each other, hallmarking two intrinsically different coping types of cells regarding plasma cytotoxicity.
Identification of the Molecular Basis of Non-thermal Plasma-Induced Changes in Human Keratinocytes
15-25
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008535
Anke
Schmidt
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Thomas
von Woedtke
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Kai
Masur
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
non-thermal plasma
plasma medicine
reactive oxygen species
reactive nitrogen species
gene expression profiling
HaCaT keratinocytes
A comprehensive gene expression profiling was conducted to explore cellular effects after non-thermal plasma atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. We performed a high-content microarray comparison by assessing several categories of target probes in identical conditions
of labeling, hybridization, and data analysis to compare specific gene expression profiles of human epithelial skin cells with their nontreated counterparts. For assessment of transcriptome changes, cell culture medium was plasma treated and applied to the HaCaT keratinocyte cell culture. We show that even this indirect argon plasma treatment performs as well as incubation time−dependent
effects on gene expression. These effects range from cell proliferation and growth to the induction of cell death pathways. It is hypothesized that these effects are evoked through plasma-based formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Several significant biological pathways, such as oxidative stress, repair, and inflammation signaling, as well as >300 transcription factors (e.g.,
zinc finger or homebox) were identified. Our results contribute to a better understanding of plasmamediated
changes in cells at the transcriptional level. In addition, plasma may serve as a promising biomedical tool for stimulation of skin cells with regard to wound healing.
A Systematic Characterization of a Novel Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Biomedical Experiments
27-44
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008556
Mareike A. Ch.
Haensch
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Jorn
Winter
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald; Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis (italic) at INP Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
Rene
Bussiahn
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Thomas
von Woedtke
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
atmospheric pressure plasma
surface dielectric barrier discharge
sDBD
plasma-induced liquid chemistry
acidification
nitrate
nitrite
hydrogen peroxide
biological active reactive species
biological efficiency
A new surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) based on ceramic materials for improved discharge stability and long-term application was used to investigate the generation of biologically active species in liquids and their effect on planktonic microorganisms. The
source was characterized by measurements of dissipated energy, temperature, spectral emission of the discharge, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the derived working gas. Liquid analysis of plasma-treated samples included the quantitative determination of nitrite, nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as pH measurements. The biological performance of the discharge
was estimated by recording inactivation kinetics for Escherichia coli. The obtained results were compared with those of a well-established epoxy sDBD system, which has the same geometrical electrode arrangement but consists of different dielectric materials. Both systems show different
physical and chemical performance but very similar antimicrobial effects. This article considers the role of active components of plasma and plasma-induced liquid chemistry in biological effects, and also discusses the main differences between both discharges in detail.
Effects of Atmosphere Composition and Liquid Type on Plasma-Generated Reactive Species in Biologically Relevant Solutions
45-55
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014009711
Helena
Tresp
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology INP Greifswald e.V., Greifswald, Germany
Malte U.
Hammer
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology INP Greifswald e.V., Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Stephan
Reuter
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
reactive species
radicals
electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
electron spin resonance spectroscopy
pH
hydrogen peroxide
reactive oxygen species
reactive nitrogen species
This study investigates the reactive species generation by an atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet in biologically relevant liquids. The plasma jet is shielded from the
atmosphere by different mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen gas. Different liquids with increasing complexity in ingredient composition (namely, sodium chloride solution, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline solution, and Roswell Park Memorial Institute cell culture medium) were plasma treated and the formation of reactive species was studied. By varying the shielding gas composition, the type and quantity of generated reactive species, reactive nitrogen
species, or reactive oxygen species can be tailored. This study shows that the ingredients of the plasma-treated liquid strongly influence the reactive species formation.
Comparison of Biological Effects on Human Keratinocytes Using Different Plasma Treatment Regimes
57-69
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008219
Susanne
Strassenburg
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
Ute
Greim
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
Rene
Bussiahn
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Beate
Haertel
Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
Kristian
Wende
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Thomas
von Woedtke
Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
Ulrike
Lindequist
Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
keratinocytes
DBD plasma
DNA damage
cell cycle
ROS
plasma treatment regime
This study investigated the influence of the plasma treatment regime on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). HaCaT cells were plasma treated with a volume dielectric barrier discharge plasma source in three different ways: directly, directly with culture medium exchange, and indirectly (in which only cell culture medium was exposed to plasma). The influence of dielectric barrier discharge plasma on viability, DNA, cell cycle, and intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells was investigated. Direct and indirect plasma treatment caused a treatment time−dependent decrease of viable cells. An increase in DNA damage was observed immediately after plasma treatment, which was diminished after 24 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species increased with longer plasma treatment times. The cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase at the expense of cells in the G1 phase. An immediate exchange of culture medium after plasma treatment attenuated the described effects. Direct and indirect plasma treatment of adherent HaCaT cells resulted in comparable effects that depend on the plasma treatment time. Physical plasma seems to generate long-living reactive species or to modify organic components of the cell culture medium. Both mechanisms can initiate oxidative stress in human keratinocytes, which is responsible for the observed effects.
Viability of Human Blood Leukocytes Compared with Their Respective Cell Lines after Plasma Treatment
71-80
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2013008538
Lena
Bundscherer
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Sander
Bekeschus
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Helena
Tresp
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology INP Greifswald e.V., Greifswald, Germany
Sybille
Hasse
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Stephan
Reuter
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Ulrike
Lindequist
Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
Kai
Masur
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
apoptosis
CD4+ T helper cells
Jurkat cells
monocytes
non-thermal plasma
pH effect
plasma medicine
THP-1 cells
wound healing
Non-thermal plasma application has become a promising field of investigation in chronic wound healing research over the past few decades. In addition to its well-characterized antibacterial effects, plasma potentially promotes the growth of eukaryotic cells. To date, mainly epithelial skin cells have been examined regarding the impact of plasma treatment on chronic wound healing. However, immune cells also are involved in wound healing as well as the removal of pathogens. Therefore, we compared the survival behavior of 2 human leukocyte cell lines (a monocyte and a CD4+ T helper cell line) and their respective human blood counterparts after exposure to plasma. Measurements of early and late apoptotic cells demonstrate that freshly isolated blood cells were more susceptible to apoptosis induction than the cell lines. Furthermore, blood and cell line monocytes tolerated longer plasma exposure compared with blood and cell line CD4+ T helper cells.
Proteomic Tools to Characterize Non-Thermal Plasma Effects in Eukaryotic Cells
81-95
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014009690
Kristian
Wende
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Annemarie
Barton
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Sander
Bekeschus
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Lena
Bundscherer
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Anke
Schmidt
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Kai
Masur
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
keratinocytes
plasma medicine
non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma
plasma jet
proteomics
reactive oxygen species
LC/MS
Plasma medicine is an exciting new scientific field due to recent developments in nonthermal physical plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure. In the present study, the effect of an argon-operated plasma jet (kINPen) using either humidified or dry argon as the working gas was investigated on human keratinocytes with respect to changes in the cellular protein expression pattern. The possibility of characterizing the plasma source by its effects on the cell model was tested. After successfully establishing the gel-free proteomics approach using liquid chromatography−high-resolution mass spectrometry, a data set of 3,818 different human proteins from all cellular compartments and protein classes was analyzed. Overall, 10% of proteins were regulated by the plasma treatment, indicating a strong effect of the plasma on the human cell. While there is only weak evidence for direct protein modification, plasma does trigger the active translation of stress-responding proteins. Among the most regulated proteins, cytoskeletal components (keratins), chaperones (heat shock proteins), and proteins involved in oxygen turnover (oxidoreductases, NQO1) were found. Therefore, the presence of reactive oxygen species as well as an organized cellular response are indicated, emphasizing the need for further research in medical applications. Additionally, our approach enables the differentiation between the two selected plasma parameters, allowing its further use to identify key players both in plasma-treated liquids and cellular response. This study and the methodology described herein can be used as a basis to further address the underlying mechanisms of plasma−cell interactions. The data obtained will facilitate fundamental understanding on cellular responses after plasma stimulation.
IInfluence of Plasma Treatment on the Structure and Function of Lipids
97-114
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014009708
Malte U.
Hammer
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology INP Greifswald e.V., Greifswald, Germany
E.
Forbrig
Centre for Innovation Competence Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology INP Greifswald e.V., Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
S.
Kupsch
Centre for Innovation Competence Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology INP Greifswald e.V., Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Stephan
Reuter
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
plasma medicine
plasma treatment
nonthermal plasma
membrane
bilayer
lipids
lipid oxidation
plasma poration
lesions
self-mediated in- and efflux
The membrane of both pro- and eukaryotic cells is the cell's interface with the environment. It is the first interaction site of any substance that is externally applied, including reactive species in the liquid cell environment created by plasma medical treatments. Therefore, the liquid surrounding the cell is, due to its influence on the chemical paths, an important mediator for plasma-borne reactive species, and the cellular membrane is their primary target structure. A cellular membrane consists, according to the Singer−Nicolson model, of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Here, we describe experiments of plasma treatments of lipids and liposomal model membranes. The investigations show membrane activity of plasma-borne reactive species against lipids and lipid structures. The methods applied are Raman microscopy and chromophore-based light spectroscopy. Results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorophore-based assays show that, during the applied plasma treatment, neither macroscopic collapse of the lipid superstructure nor liposome fusion was observed. Raman spectroscopy reveals increased fluidity of lipid layers due to plasma treatment. The results are discussed based on our observations and published results. We propose a detailed molecular mechanism for the formation of lesions that allow a "self-mediated in- and efflux" of plasma-borne reactive species and cell signaling molecules. Resulting consequences for cellular membranes and the cell as a whole are discussed.
Effects of the Effluent of a Microscale Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-jet Operated with He/O2 Gas on Bovine Serum Albumin
115-124
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008858
Jan-Wilm
Lackmann
Biology of Microorganisms, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Eugen
Edengeiser
Physical Chemistry II, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Simon
Schneider
Coupled Plasma-Solid State Systems, Faculty for Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Jan
Benedikt
Coupled Plasma-Solid State Systems, Faculty for Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Martina
Havenith
Physical Chemistry II, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Julia E.
Bandow
Biology of Microorganisms, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Atmospheric pressure plasma
X-jet
protein modification
BSA
Raman spectroscopy
Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs) are being investigated for medical applications, and the first clinical studies are promising. However, interactions between plasmas and biological samples are only partly understood on a molecular level. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA), a standard model for plasma-mediated etching of biological samples, was used to investigate the effects of different components of an He/O2 plasma effluent on proteins. The X-jet features an optional lateral helium flow that splits the plasma effluent into particles and (V)UV radiation. BSA samples were exposed separately to plasma-emitted particles, UV radiation, or the combination of both. Afterward, plasma-treated samples were investigated using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis for amino acid strand breaks, but none were detected. Furthermore, treated samples were investigated by Raman spectroscopy to search for chemical modifications. We found that treatment with the X-jet has little effect on BSA. Minor changes in the Raman spectra suggest modifications of tyrosine residues and some degree of oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids. Our findings suggest that for the X-jet effluent, etching is the main effect of plasma on BSA, making BSA a suitable model with which to study protein etching.
Nonthermal Plasma Increases Expression of Wound Healing Related Genes in a Keratinocyte Cell Line
125-136
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008540
Annemarie
Barton
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Kristian
Wende
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Lena
Bundscherer
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Sybille
Hasse
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
Anke
Schmidt
Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
Sander
Bekeschus
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Klaus-Dieter
Weltmann
Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and
Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany
Ulrike
Lindequist
Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str. 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
Kai
Masur
Center for Innovation Competence plasmatis, Greifswald, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald, Germany
nonthermal plasma
keratinocytes
wound healing
gene expression
HaCaT cells
plasma medicine
The application of physical plasma in medicine has great potential in wound healing. Due to the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS), emission of UV radiation and the generated electric fields can be used to stimulate epithelial and immune cells. To understand the processes on a molecular level the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was treated with a nonthermal atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet (kinpen). Subsequently, cellular RNA was isolated to conduct a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to monitor the magnitude of translation of genes related to wound healing. Plasma treatment induced an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-A), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HBEGF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the mRNA levels. This is a very promising result as the corresponding proteins are likely to be secreted and promote the wound healing process. Therefore plasma potentially induces the secretion of certain cytokines and growth factors, and hence, it could be the stimulus which is necessary to induce chronic wounds to heal.
Experimental Evidences on Synergy of Gas Discharge Agents in Bactericidal Activity of Nonthermal Plasma
137-152
10.1615/PlasmaMed.2014008194
Elena V.
Sysolyatina
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Andrey
Mukhachev
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya st. 18, Moscow, Russia
Maria
Yurova
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya st. 18, Moscow, Russia
Mikhail
Grushin
Scientific Research Center of Russian Federation TRINITI, Pushkovy st. 12, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia
Vladimir
Karal'nik
Scientific Research Center of Russian Federation TRINITI, Pushkovy st. 12, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia
Alexander
Petryakov
Scientific Research Center of Russian Federation TRINITI, Pushkovy st. 12, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia
Nikolai
Trushkin
Scientific Research Center of Russian Federation TRINITI, Pushkovy st. 12, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia
Maria
Danilova
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya st. 18, Moscow, Russia
Boris S.
Naroditsky
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Alexander L.
Gintsburg
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Yuri
Akishev
State Research Center of the Russian Federation, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion
Research (SRC RF TRINITI), 108840, Moscow, Troitsk, Pushkovykh Street, Vladenie 12,
Russia; NRNU MEPhI, 115409, Moscow, Kashirskoeshosse, 31, Russia
Svetlana A.
Ermolaeva
Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
nonthermal plasma
sterilization
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) represent a new class of sterilizing agents. A full set of NTP bioactive factors includes electric components (E, charged particles and electric field), neutral active particles (R), and UV. A specific construction of the direct current (DC) corona source was used that allowed dissection of NTP bioactive factors and quantitative evaluation of their individual and combined action on bacterial pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. 10 and 120 s were required for the positive and negative coronas, respectively, to kill 105 colony-forming units (CFU) P. aeruginosa. 10 s was required for both positive and negative coronas to kill 105 CFU S. aureus. For the positive corona, the bactericidal activity of components decreased as R+UV>E+UV>>UV and E+UV>R+UV>>UV for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. For the negative corona, the bactericidal activity decreased as R+UV>>E+UV=UV=0 and R+UV>>E+UV>UV~0 for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. Despite low, if any, activity of electric components in the negative corona, the whole plasma effect was much higher than the effect of neutral particles and UV alone. The obtained results demonstrated that different combinations of bioactive plasma components exerted diverse species-specific bactericidal effects. It is synergy among plasma bioactive factors that supplies high bactericidal activity of NTP.