Begell House Inc.
Hydrobiological Journal
HYD
0018-8166
42
3
2006
A Model for Multiphase Flows through Poroelastic Media
14
10.1615/JPorMedia.v6.i4.30
Ali Reza
Mazaheri
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5725; and National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507-880, USA
Duane H.
Smith
National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507-880, USA
Goodarz
Ahmadi
Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University Potsdam, NY, 13699-5725, USA
A continuum model for multiphase fluid mixture flows through poroelastic media is presented. The basic conservation laws developed via a volume averaging technique are considered. Effects of phasic equilibrated forces are included in the model. Based on the thermodynamics of the multiphase mixture flows, appropriate constitutive equations are formulated. The entropy inequality is exploited, and the method of Lagrangian multiplier is used along with the phasic conservation laws to derive the constitutive equations for the phasic stress tensors, equilibrated stress vectors, and the interactions terms. The special cases of wave propagation in poroelastic media saturated with multiphase fluids, and multiphase flows through porous media, are studied. It is shown that the present theory leads to the extended Darcy’s law and contains, as a special case, Biot’s theory of saturated poroelastic media.
Communities of Invertebrates of the Cooling Pond of the Chernobyl NPS. Report 3. Communities of Zoobenthos, Their Composition and Structure
3-23
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.10
A. A.
Sylaieva
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
A. A.
Protasov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Studies of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria; Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04210, Ukraine
The composition and biocenotic structure of zoobenthos of the cooling pond of the Chernobyl NPS were studied after its removal from service. Data on the structure of the distinguished communities are presented. Unimodal relationship was established between the indices of zoobenthos diversity and water saprobity. The prediction of changes in the structure of zoobenthos communities in the case of partial drainage of the cooling pond was elaborated.
Diversity of Phytoplankton in the Lower Reaches of the Dnieper River
24-32
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.20
G. N.
Minayeva
Kherson Hydrobiological Station, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Investigations carried out in 1986-2003 suggest that phytoplankton of the lower reaches of the Dnieper river was highly diverse in its species and taxonomic composition (417 species represented by 460 infraspecific taxa including those containing nomenclatural types of species). Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were represented by the largest number of species. Typically plankton forms dominated. Spatial distribution of phytoplankton and its seasonal dynamics were investigated.
Assessment of Relationship between the Content of Chlorophyll a and the Content of Phosphorus in the Water of the Dnieper Reservoirs
33-43
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.30
A. V.
Kureyshevich
Institute of Hydrobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
V. A.
Medved'
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
Long-term investigations of phytoplankton of the Dnieper reservoirs carried out in summertime made it possible to establish relationship between the content of chlorophyll a and the total content of phosphorus in the water of the reservoirs (Chl.a/Ptotal). In the head-cascade Kiev reservoir and in the end-cascade Kakhovka reservoir, the content of chlorophyll a decreased with increasing the total content of phosphorus in their waters. The obtained data correlate with results obtained in studies of phytoplankton of the Volga reservoirs.
The Use of Higher Aquatic Plants in Biotechnologies of Surface Water and Wastewater Treatment
44-55
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.40
Capability of higher aquatic plants to intensify the processes of water quality restoration using wetland constructions for surface water and wastewater purification is discussed. The ability of plants to facilitate sedimentation of suspended matter, to utilize nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances, and to maintain symbiotic relationships with aquatic organisms are estimated.
Sterols and Their Functional Role in Mollusks (a Review)
56-66
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.50
R. P.
Kandyuk
Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Odessa, Ukraine
The article reviews principal issues of biosynthesis and metabolism of sterols in marine organisms. The influence of environmental factors, physiological significance of sterols, their functions and properties in marine organisms are considered. The interest in sterols of marine organisms is explained, in particular, by the possibility of their practical using as a raw material for obtaining economically important compounds.
Influence of Surfactants on the Photosynthetic Activity of Algae
67-76
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.60
T. V.
Parshikova
T. G. Shevchenko Kiev National University, 60, Vladimirskaya St., 01017 Kiev, Ukraine
V. N.
Maksimov
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; T. G. Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kiev, Ukraine
The use of regression analysis made it possible to establish relationship between the concentration of individual surfactants and their mixtures and the intensity of their action on the photosynthetic activity of algae. Cation active, anion active, non-ionogenic, and natural surfactants were used in performing investigations. The obtained data suggest that the character of the influence of surfactants on the photosynthesis of algae depends on their chemical properties and concentration. Cation active surfactants and their mixtures were very detrimental to phytoplankton. At the concentration of surfactants of 3−10 mg/L, their adverse effect on the photosynthetic activity of algae increased with increasing their concentration. The influence of surfactants on the processes of decomposition was less intensive. At the same concentration of surfactants, their adverse effect on the photosynthetic activity of algae increased with decreasing their biomass. The obtained data suggest that surfactants are of considerable importance in the regulation of the photosynthetic activity of algae in aquatic ecosystems.
Monitoring of Contamination of the Ecosystem of the Dnieper River within the Town of Kiev by Heavy Metals Using Freshwater Mollusks
77-88
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.70
The content of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, Co, and Cr was studied in the water, in bottom sediments (the total granulometric composition and silty fraction), and also in mollusks, including Anidonta anatina, Dreissena bugensis, and Theodoxus fluviatilis. Investigations were carried out in 2003−2004. Samples were taken at 9 stations of the main riverbed of the Dnieper river within the town of Kiev. Despite the fact that the studied mollusks differed in their species and ecological characteristics, the highest concentration of heavy metals in their tissues were observed near the Obolon residential area, near the Moscow Bridge, near the Peshekhodny Bridge, and also near the Korchevatoye village. The same pattern was observed in studies of the content of heavy metals in the silty fraction of bottom sediments. The concentration of heavy metals in the water, and also in bottom sediments of the natural granulometric composition, does not reflect the degree of contamination of the ecosystem of the Dnieper river within the town of Kiev.
Methodical Aspects of Regulation of Oxygen Conditions in River Sections of Dnieper Reservoirs in Summer (a Case Study of the Kiev Section of the Kanev Reservoir)
89-97
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.80
O. V.
Timchenko
Institute of Hydrobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kiev, Ukraine
Methodical approaches and possibilities of regulation of oxygen conditions in the cascade of the Dnieper reservoirs in sections downstream of hydro power plants are considered by the example of the Kiev section of the Kanev Reservoir.
Management of the Surface Runoff Quality with the Aid of Mathematical Modeling of Self-Purification Processes
98-109
10.1615/HydrobJ.v42.i3.90
V. I.
Lavryk
Kyiv-Mogyla National University Kyiv, Ukraine
V. N.
Bogolyubov
The National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Kiev, Ukraine
There had been elaborated the mathematical model and algorithms for conducting a simulation (numerical) experiment enabling the management of major parameters in forming the quality of surface runoff. The model takes into account anthropogenic pollutions and self-purification processes. It has been shown how, by using a simulation experiment, parameters of self-purification basins situated in the catchment area should be modified in order to decrease the pollution degree of surface waters down to the required level.