Volumes:
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Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology
DOI: 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2013007097
pages 41-51 Induction of miR-21-PDCD4 Signaling by Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Nanoparticles in JB6 Cells Involves ROS-Mediated MAPK Pathways
Lichao Hou
Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503; Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
Linda Bowman
Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505
Terence G. Meighan
Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
Xianglin Shi
Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
Min Ding
Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505 ABSTRACTTungsten carbide−cobalt (WC-Co) nanoparticle composites have wide applications because of their hardness and toughness. WC-Co was classified as "probably carcinogenic" to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2003. It is believed that the toxicity and carcinogenesis of WC-Co is associated with particle size. Recent studies demonstrated that the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and its upstream regulator miR-21 have been considered as oncogenes for novel cancer prevention or anticancer therapies. The present study examined the effects of WC-Co nanoparticles on miR-21-PDCD4 signaling in a mouse epidermal cell line (JB6 P+). The results showed that (i) exposure of JB6 cells to WC-Co stimulated a increase of miR-21 generation; (ii) WC-Co also caused inhibition of PDCD4, a tumor suppressor protein and downstream target of miR-21, expression in JB6 cells; (iii) inhibition of ERKs with ERK inhibitor U0126 significantly reversed WC-Cominus;induced PDCD4 inhibition, but inhibition of p38 with p38 inhibitor SB203580 did not; and (iv) ROS scavengers, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and catalase, blocked the inhibitory effect of WC-Co on PDCD4 expression, while superoxide dismutase promoted the inhibitory effect. These findings demonstrate that WC-Co nanoparticles induce miR-21 generation, but inhibit PDCD4 production, which may be mediated through ROS, especially endogenous H2O2, and ERK pathways. Unraveling the complex mechanisms associated with these events may provide insights into the initiation and progression of WC-Co−induced carcinogenesis. KEY WORDS: JB6 cells, PDCD4, microRNA 21, nanoparticles, tungsten carbide-cobalt, nanotoxicology, oncogenicity, cell signal pathways, occupational exposure, occupational respiratory disease
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