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Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants

Published 4 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1050-6934

ISSN Online: 1940-4379

SJR: 0.184 SNIP: 0.485 CiteScore™:: 1.1 H-Index: 39

Indexed in

Childhood Obesity: A Simple Equation with Complex Variables

Volume 15, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 15-32
DOI: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v15.i1.30
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ABSTRACT

The prevalence of childhood obesity is rising rapidly, as are the associated medical complications, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. This has significant medical and socioeconomic implications. The definition of obesity in adults is based on body mass index (BMI), which has been correlated with morbidity and mortality. Similarly, the definition of childhood obesity is currently based on BMI; however, there are currently no data to relate morbidity and mortality to BMI values in children. The known and potential causes of childhood obesity are many, but they can be categorized as genetic, endocrine, prenatal/early life, physical activity, diet, and socioeconomic. These factors influence the basic equation: energy input = energy output. Imbalances in this equation can result in obesity. Here we present a review of recent literature and highlight the etiologies, certain complications, and potential prevention and treatment strategies of childhood obesity.

CITED BY
  1. Ismail Nagwa Abdallah, El-Akkad Nayera Mahmoud, Afya Ali Abd-Latif, Kamel Ashraf Fawzy, Abd ElBaky Abeer M. Nour ElDin, ElGhoroury Eman, Hegazy Hoda, A comparison of obese and nonobese Egyptian children with asthma and exploring serum eotaxin level as a link between obesity and asthma, Medical Research Journal, 10, 2, 2011. Crossref

  2. Pullis Bridgette Crotwell, Pullis Joe M., The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (Weight Status) and Hypertension in a Cohort of Elementary School Students: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study, Journal of Community Health Nursing, 26, 2, 2009. Crossref

  3. Bostanci Berna Kamaci, Civilibal Mahmut, Elevli Murat, Duru Nilgun Selcuk, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiac hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome, Pediatric Nephrology, 27, 10, 2012. Crossref

  4. Schoenau E, Fricke O, Mechanical influences on bone development in children, European Journal of Endocrinology, 159, suppl_1, 2008. Crossref

  5. Wells Greg D., Noseworthy Michael D., Hamilton Jill, Tarnopolski Mark, Tein Ingrid, Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Dysfunction in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques, 35, 1, 2008. Crossref

  6. Sweeting Helen N, Gendered dimensions of obesity in childhood and adolescence, Nutrition Journal, 7, 1, 2008. Crossref

  7. Drenowatz Clemens, Eisenmann Joey C, Pfeiffer Karin A, Welk Greg, Heelan Kate, Gentile Douglas, Walsh David, Influence of socio-economic status on habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior in 8- to 11-year old children, BMC Public Health, 10, 1, 2010. Crossref

  8. Sandbæk Annelli, Children and adolescents presenting in general practice, Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 25, 4, 2007. Crossref

  9. Bertolace Maria do Pilar Carneiro, Toledo Eliana, Jorge Patrícia Polis de Oliveira, Liberatore Junior Raphael Del Roio, Association between obesity and asthma among teenagers, Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 126, 5, 2008. Crossref

  10. Ostry Aleck, Morrison Kathryn, A Health and Nutritional Evaluation of Changes in Agriculture in the Past Quarter Century in British Columbia: Implications for Food Security, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 6, 2010. Crossref

  11. Cañete Ramón, Gil-Campos Mercedes, Aguilera Concepción M., Gil Angel, Development of insulin resistance and its relation to diet in the obese child, European Journal of Nutrition, 46, 4, 2007. Crossref

  12. Milne Elizabeth, Simpson Julie A., Johnston Robyn, Giles-Corti Billie, English Dallas R., Time Spent Outdoors at Midday and Children’s Body Mass Index, American Journal of Public Health, 97, 2, 2007. Crossref

  13. Chinn S, Definitions of childhood obesity: current practice, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60, 10, 2006. Crossref

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