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Critical Reviews™ in Immunology

Published 6 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1040-8401

ISSN Online: 2162-6472

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.3 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 2.6 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00079 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.24 SJR: 0.429 SNIP: 0.287 CiteScore™:: 2.7 H-Index: 81

Indexed in

Molecular Bases of Protective Immune Responses against BotuIInum Neurotoxin A—How Antitoxin Antibodies Block Its Action

Volume 27, Issue 4, 2007, pp. 319-341
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v27.i4.30
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ABSTRACT

In studies from this laboratory, we localized the regions on the H chain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) that are recognized by anti-BoNT/A antibodies (Abs) and block the activity of the toxin in vivo. These Abs were obtained from cervical dystonia patients who had been treated with BoNT/A and had become unresponsive to the treatment, as well as blocking Abs raised in mouse, horse, and chicken. We also localized the regions involved in BoNT/A binding to mouse brain synaptosomes (snp). Comparison of spatial proximities in the three-dimensional structure of the Ab-binding regions and the snp binding showed that except for one, the Ab-binding regions either coincide or overlap with the snp regions. It should be folly expected that protective Abs when bound to the toxin at sites that coincide or overlap with snp binding would prevent the toxin from binding to nerve synapse and therefore block toxin entry into the neuron. Thus, analysis of the locations of the Ab-binding and the snp-binding regions provides a molecular rationale for the ability of protecting Abs to block BoNT/A action in vivo.

CITED BY
  1. Joshi S.G., Elias M., Singh A., Al-Saleem F.H., Ancharski D., Nasser Z., Takahashi T., Simpson L.L., Modulation of botulinum toxin-induced changes in neuromuscular function with antibodies directed against recombinant polypeptides or fragments, Neuroscience, 179, 2011. Crossref

  2. Atassi M. Zouhair, Dolimbek Behzod Z., Steward Lance E., Aoki K. Roger, Inhibition of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Toxic Action In Vivo by Synthetic Synaptosome- and Blocking Antibody-Binding Regions, The Protein Journal, 29, 5, 2010. Crossref

  3. Lange Oliver, Bigalke Hans, Dengler Reinhard, Wegner Florian, deGroot Michael, Wohlfarth Kai, Neutralizing Antibodies and Secondary Therapy Failure After Treatment With Botulinum Toxin Type A, Clinical Neuropharmacology, 32, 4, 2009. Crossref

  4. Atassi M. Zouhair, Immune recognition of BoNTs A and B: How anti-toxin antibodies that bind to the heavy chain obstruct toxin action, Toxicon, 54, 5, 2009. Crossref

  5. Dolimbek Behzod Z., Aoki K. Roger, Atassi M. Zouhair, Reduction of antibody response against botulinum neurotoxin A by synthetic monomethoxypolyethylene glycol–peptide conjugates, Immunology Letters, 137, 1-2, 2011. Crossref

  6. Atassi M.Z., Molecular basis of immunogenicity to botulinum neurotoxins and uses of the defined antigenic regions, Toxicon, 107, 2015. Crossref

  7. Kane Christopher D, Nuss Jonathan E, Bavari Sina, Novel therapeutic uses and formulations of botulinum neurotoxins: a patent review (2012 – 2014), Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 25, 6, 2015. Crossref

  8. Pickett Andy, Botulinum Toxin as a Clinical Product: Manufacture and Pharmacology, in Clinical Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin, 2014. Crossref

  9. Li Zhen, Lu Jiansheng, Tan Xiao, Wang Rong, Xu Qing, Yu Yunzhou, Yang Zhixin, Functional EL-HN Fragment as a Potent Candidate Vaccine for the Prevention of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype E, Toxins, 14, 2, 2022. Crossref

  10. Uibel Stefanie, Groneberg David A., Clostridium botulinum und seine Toxine: Krankheitserreger und potentielle Biowaffe?, Zentralblatt für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie, 61, 4, 2011. Crossref

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