Library Subscription: Guest
Critical Reviews™ in Immunology

Published 6 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1040-8401

ISSN Online: 2162-6472

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.3 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 2.6 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00079 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.24 SJR: 0.429 SNIP: 0.287 CiteScore™:: 2.7 H-Index: 81

Indexed in

lnterleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist

Volume 15, Issue 1, 1995, pp. 77-105
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v15.i1.30
Get accessGet access

ABSTRACT

The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-lra) is unusual in that it is the only known naturally occurring, cytokine receptor antagonist with no apparent agonist function. Over the last 5 years, since the cloning of the IL-lra cDNA sequence, there has been intensive research on the genetics, regulation, and potential therapeutic value of this protein. The later discovery of a second form of IL-lra in 1991 has complicated the picture. Whereas the originally described IL-lra is predominantly glycosylated and secreted (sIL-lra), the alternative isoform is unglycosylated and intracellular (icIL-lra). Although the biological roles of the two forms are still open to question, IL-lra is likely to be of great importance in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. A large body of evidence for this conclusion has come from animal models of inflammatory disease that respond well to administration of exogenous IL-lra. A role for recombinant IL-lra in the management of human disease is still under investigation. The two forms of IL-lra are encoded by a single gene by alternative usage of two first exons. Expression of sIL-lra and icIl-lra is regulated by two promoters. In this review I explore the genetics of the gene encoding IL-lra (IL-1RN) and the mechanisms of IL-lra gene activation to produce sIL-lra and icIL-lra. Also, possible biological roles for these immunomodulators in health and disease are discussed.

CITED BY
  1. Schwabe M., Hartert A.-M., Bertz H., Finke J., Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels during engraftment following allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 34, 11, 2004. Crossref

  2. Lin Kai-Wei, Chen Shu-Ching, Chang Fu-Hsiung, Kung John T., Hsu Brend Ray-Sea, Lin Rong-Hwa, The roles of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in antigen-specific immune responses, Journal of Biomedical Science, 9, 1, 2002. Crossref

  3. Campos Maria I. G., Santos Maria C. L. G., Trevilatto Paula C., Scarel-Caminaga Raquel M., Bezerra Fabio J. B., Line Sergio R. P., Evaluation of the relationship between interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and early implant failure in non-smoking patients, Clinical Oral Implants Research, 16, 2, 2005. Crossref

  4. Moldoveanu Andrei I., Shephard Roy J., Shek Pang N., The Cytokine Response to Physical Activity and Training, Sports Medicine, 31, 2, 2001. Crossref

  5. Vamvakopoulos Joannis E., Taylor Craig J., Green Colin, McNeil Keith, Wallwork John, Goodman Reyna, Metcalfe Su M., Interleukin 1 and Chronic Rejection: Possible Genetic Links in Human Heart Allografts, American Journal of Transplantation, 2, 1, 2002. Crossref

  6. Mehler Mark F., Kessler John A., Cytokines in Brain Development and Function, in Cytokines, 52, 1998. Crossref

  7. Borsody Mark K., Weiss Jay M., Peripheral endotoxin causes long-lasting changes in locus coeruleus activity via IL-1 in the brain, Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 14, 6, 2002. Crossref

  8. Ohtsuki Toshiho, Ruetzler Christi A., Tasaki Kaoru, Hallenbeck John M., Interleukin-1 Mediates Induction of Tolerance to Global Ischemia in Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Neurons, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 16, 6, 1996. Crossref

  9. Boudjellab N, Chan-Tang H.S, Zhao X, Bovine interleukin-1 expression by cultured mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and its involvement in the release of MAC-T derived interleukin-8, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 127, 2, 2000. Crossref

  10. Lundqvist Elisabet Nylander, Egelrud Torbjörn, Biologically active, alternatively processed interleukin-1β in psoriatic scales, European Journal of Immunology, 27, 9, 1997. Crossref

  11. Rezk Noha A., Mohamad Hanan S., Influence of Interleukin-1 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms on the Susceptibility and Outcomes of Acute Stroke in Egyptian Patients, Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 71, 2, 2015. Crossref

  12. El-Shabrawi Y., Ardjomand N., Nachweis von Interleukin-1 und Interleukin-1 Rezeptorantagonist in intraokulären Flüssigkeiten von Uveitispatienten, Spektrum der Augenheilkunde, 13, 4, 1999. Crossref

  13. Sapey Elizabeth, Ahmad Ali, Bayley Darren, Newbold Paul, Snell Noel, Rugman Paul, Stockley Robert A., Imbalances Between Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Agonists and Antagonists in Stable COPD, Journal of Clinical Immunology, 29, 4, 2009. Crossref

  14. Zou Jun, Cunningham Charles, Secombes Christopher J., The rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss interleukin-1β gene has a different organization to mammals and undergoes incomplete splicing, European Journal of Biochemistry, 259, 3, 2001. Crossref

  15. Montes Claudia Cristina, Alvim-Pereira Fabiano, de Castilhos Bruno Borges, Sakurai Marcos Luciano Lopes, Olandoski Marcia, Trevilatto Paula Cristina, Analysis of the association ofIL1B(C+3954T) andIL1RN(intron 2) polymorphisms with dental implant loss in a Brazilian population, Clinical Oral Implants Research, 20, 2, 2009. Crossref

  16. Howren M Bryant, Lamkin Donald M., Suls Jerry, Associations of Depression With C-Reactive Protein, IL-1, and IL-6: A Meta-Analysis, Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 2, 2009. Crossref

  17. Atrasheuskaya Alena, Petzelbauer Peter, Fredeking Terry M, Ignatyev George, Anti-TNF antibody treatment reduces mortality in experimental dengue virus infection, FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 35, 1, 2003. Crossref

  18. Humphreys Neil E., Grencis Richard K., IL-1-dependent, IL-1R1-independent resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes, European Journal of Immunology, 39, 4, 2009. Crossref

  19. Yu P.W, Schuler L.A, Rejman J.J, Chen H.T, Gosink K, Kehrli M, Mattocks L, Nonnecke B, Czuprynski C.J, Regulation of bovine interleukin-1 receptors, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 63, 1-2, 1998. Crossref

  20. Kupper Thomas S., The Utility of Transgenic Mouse Models in the Study of Cutaneous Immunology and Inflammation, The Journal of Dermatology, 23, 11, 1996. Crossref

  21. Samson Lindy M., Allen Upton D., Creery W.David, Diaz-Mitoma Francisco, Singh Ram N., Elevated interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in pediatric sepsis syndrome, The Journal of Pediatrics, 131, 4, 1997. Crossref

  22. Chizzolini Carlo, Dayer Jean-Michel, Cytokine Inhibitors, in Encyclopedia of Immunology, 1998. Crossref

  23. Ignatyev George, Steinkasserer Alexander, Streltsova Marina, Atrasheuskaya Alena, Agafonov Alexander, Lubitz Werner, Experimental study on the possibility of treatment of some hemorrhagic fevers, Journal of Biotechnology, 83, 1-2, 2000. Crossref

  24. Zou Jun, Grabowski Peter S, Cunningham Charles, Secombes Christopher J, MOLECULAR CLONING OF INTERLEUKIN 1β FROM RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS REVEALS NO EVIDENCE OF AN ICE CUT SITE, Cytokine, 11, 8, 1999. Crossref

  25. Hailes Walter S., Slivka Dustin, Cuddy John, Ruby Brent C., Human plasma inflammatory response during 5 days of exercise training in the heat, Journal of Thermal Biology, 36, 5, 2011. Crossref

  26. Bernhofer L.P, Barkovic S, Appa Y, Martin K.M, IL-1α and IL-1ra secretion from epidermal equivalents and the prediction of the irritation potential of mild soap and surfactant-based consumer products, Toxicology in Vitro, 13, 2, 1999. Crossref

  27. Yamshchikov Vladimir F, Mishina Margarita, Cominelli Fabio, A POSSIBLE ROLE OF IL-1RA 3′-UNTRANSLATED REGION IN MODULATION OF PROTEIN PRODUCTION, Cytokine, 17, 2, 2002. Crossref

  28. Walker Josef, Rigley Kevin, Gene expression profiling in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using high-density filter-based cDNA microarrays, Journal of Immunological Methods, 239, 1-2, 2000. Crossref

  29. Mittal Rama D., Bid Hemant K., Manchanda Parmeet K., Genotype and haplotype determination of IL1B (g. −511C>T and g. +3954C>T) and (IL1RN) in pediatric nephrolithiasis, Clinica Chimica Acta, 379, 1-2, 2007. Crossref

  30. Stienstra Rinke, Mandard Stéphane, Tan Nguan Soon, Wahli Walter, Trautwein Christian, Richardson Terrilyn A., Lichtenauer-Kaligis Elgin, Kersten Sander, Müller Michael, The Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is a direct target gene of PPARα in liver, Journal of Hepatology, 46, 5, 2007. Crossref

  31. Holtkamp G.M, Kijlstra A, Peek R, de Vos A.F, Retinal Pigment Epithelium-immune System Interactions: Cytokine Production and Cytokine-induced Changes, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 20, 1, 2001. Crossref

  32. Pita Ignacio, Jelaso Anna M., Ide Charles F., IL‐1 β increases intracellular calcium through an IL‐1 type 1 receptor mediated mechanism in C6 astrocytic cells , International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 17, 8, 1999. Crossref

  33. Ping-Ke Fang, Xu-Chen Ma, Da-Long Ma, Kai-Yuan Fu, Determination of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-β1 in synovial fluid aspirates of patients with temporomandibular disorders, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 57, 8, 1999. Crossref

  34. Komeda Mototane, Roessler Blake J., Raphael Yehoash, The influence of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist transgene on spiral ganglion neurons, Hearing Research, 131, 1-2, 1999. Crossref

  35. Siemion I.Z., Kluczyk A., Wieczorek Zbigniew, Anti-IL-1 Activity of Peptide Fragments of IL-1 Family Proteins, Peptides, 19, 2, 1998. Crossref

  36. Weigand Markus A, Hörner Christian, Bardenheuer Hubert J, Bouchon Axel, The systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 18, 3, 2004. Crossref

  37. Bernhofer L.P, Seiberg M, Martin K.M, The Influence of the Response of Skin Equivalent Systems to Topically Applied Consumer Products by Epithelial--Mesenchymal Interactions, Toxicology in Vitro, 13, 2, 1999. Crossref

  38. Mittal Rama D., Bid Hemant K., Ghoshal Uday C., IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene polymorphism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in India, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 40, 7, 2005. Crossref

  39. Hurme Mikko, Lahdenpohja Nina, Santtila Sari, Gene polymorphisms of interleukins 1 and 10 in infectious and autoimmune diseases, Annals of Medicine, 30, 5, 1998. Crossref

  40. Ashraf Saeed, Bhattacharya Kausik, Tian Yi, Watterson Kevin, Cytokine and S100B levels in paediatric patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery with or without total circulatory arrest, European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 16, 1, 1999. Crossref

  41. Gabriel A. S., Ahnve S., Wretlind B., Martinsson A., IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in stable angina pectoris and relation of IL-6 to clinical findings in acute myocardial infarction, Journal of Internal Medicine, 248, 1, 2000. Crossref

  42. Cook Matthew C, Immunology of trauma, Trauma, 3, 2, 2001. Crossref

  43. Wenneras Christine, Ave Patrick, Huerre Michel, Arondel Josette, Ulevitch Richard, Mathison John, Sansonetti Philippe, Blockade of CD14 aggravates experimental shigellosis, Journal of Endotoxin Research, 7, 6, 2001. Crossref

  44. Lin Juway, Chang Ya-Jen, Yang Wen-Bin, Yu Alice L., Wong Chi-Huey, Spencer Juliet, The Multifaceted Effects of Polysaccharides Isolated from Dendrobium huoshanense on Immune Functions with the Induction of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1ra) in Monocytes, PLoS ONE, 9, 4, 2014. Crossref

  45. Kallianpur Asha R, Bradford Yuki, Mody Rajal K, Garman Katie N, Comstock Nicole, Lathrop Sarah L, Lyons Carol, Saupe Amy, Wymore Katie, Canter Jeffrey A, Olson Lana M, Palmer Amanda, Jones Timothy F, Genetic Susceptibility to Postdiarrheal Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome After Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Infection: A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FoodNet Study, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 217, 6, 2018. Crossref

  46. Moser C., Ilg A., Wehling P., Zytokinantagonisten in der Behandlung der Gonarthrose, in Knie, 2007. Crossref

  47. Vogel Hans Gerhard, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-pyretic Activity, in Drug Discovery and Evaluation, 2007. Crossref

  48. Blix I. J. Schytte, Helgeland K., Hvattum E., Lyberg T., Lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans stimulates production of interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in human whole blood, Journal of Periodontal Research, 34, 1, 1999. Crossref

  49. Dhar Arun K., Thompson Margret S., Paradis Mary Rose, Alcivar-Warren Acacia, Determination of the cDNA sequence and mRNA expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in horses, American Journal of Veterinary Research, 61, 8, 2000. Crossref

  50. Luger T. A., Böhm M., Cytokines with Immunosuppressive Capacities, in Strategies for Immunointerventions in Dermatology, 1997. Crossref

  51. Stoupis Athena, Zinner Stephen H., Approach to fever in the neutropenic host, in Management of Infectious Complications in Cancer Patients, 1998. Crossref

  52. Daniel Vino, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, in Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 2016. Crossref

  53. Vogel H. Gerhard, Vogel Wolfgang H., Schölkens Bernward A., Sandow Jürgen, Müller Günter, Vogel Wolfgang F., Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activity1, in Drug Discovery and Evaluation, 2002. Crossref

  54. Cytokines of the Immune Response, in Handbook of Imune Response Genes, 1998. Crossref

  55. Daniel Vino, Anti-inflammatory Activity, in Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 2014. Crossref

  56. Radeke Heinfried H., Resch Klaus, Molekulare Aspekte der chronischen Entzündung, in Immunsystem und Infektiologie, 1999. Crossref

  57. Sauer J., Renner U., Hopfner U., Lange M., Müller A., Strasburger C. J., Pagotto U., Arzt E., Stalla G. K., Interleukin-1β Enhances Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Content in Human Somatotroph Adenoma Cell Cultures1, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 83, 7, 1998. Crossref

  58. Holtkamp Gertjan M., de Vos Alex F., Kijlstra Aize, Peek Ron, Expression of multiple forms of IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) by human retinal pigment epithelial cells: identification of a new IL‐1ra exon, European Journal of Immunology, 29, 1, 1999. Crossref

  59. Smith Michael F., Carl Virginia S., Lodie Tracey, Fenton Matthew J., Secretory Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Expression Requires both a PU.1 and a Novel Composite NF-κB/PU.1/ GA-binding Protein Binding Site, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273, 37, 1998. Crossref

  60. Luhm Juergen, Langenkamp Ulrich, Hensel Jenny, Frohn Christoph, Brand Joerg M, Hennig Holger, Rink Lothar, Koritke Petra, Wittkopf Nadine, Williams David L, Mueller Antje, β-(1→3)-D-glucan modulates DNA binding of nuclear factors κB, AT and IL-6 leading to an anti-inflammatory shift of the IL-1β/IL-1 receptor antagonist ratio, BMC Immunology, 7, 1, 2006. Crossref

  61. Darragh Joanne, Ananieva Olga, Courtney Alan, Elcombe Suzanne, Arthur J. Simon C., MSK1 regulates the transcription of IL-1ra in response to TLR activation in macrophages, Biochemical Journal, 425, 3, 2010. Crossref

  62. Arend William P., Malyak Mark, Guthridge Carla J., Gabay Cem, INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: Role in Biology, Annual Review of Immunology, 16, 1, 1998. Crossref

  63. Vijgen L, Van Gysel M, Rector A, Thoelen I, Esters N, Ceelen T, Vangoidsenhoven E, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Van Ranst M, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist VNTR-polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease, Genes & Immunity, 3, 7, 2002. Crossref

  64. ATRASHEUSKAYA A V, FREDEKING T M, IGNATYEV G M, Changes in immune parameters and their correction in human cases of tick-borne encephalitis, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 131, 1, 2003. Crossref

  65. Wong Ma-Li, Bongiorno Peter B., Rettori Valeria, McCann Samuel M., Licinio Julio, Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10, and IL-13 gene expression in the central nervous system and anterior pituitary during systemic inflammation: Pathophysiological implications, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94, 1, 1997. Crossref

  66. Wang Catherine Y., Naka Yoshifumi, Liao Hui, Oz Mehmet C., Springer Timothy A., Gutierrez-Ramos Jose-Carlos, Pinsky David J., Cardiac Graft Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Interleukin-1 Expression Mediate Primary Isograft Failure and Induction of ICAM-1 in Organs Remote From the Site of Transplantation, Circulation Research, 82, 7, 1998. Crossref

  67. Malyak Mark, Smith Michael F., Abel Ashley A., Hance Kenneth R., Arend William P., The Differential Production of Three Forms of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist by Human Neutrophils and Monocytes, The Journal of Immunology, 161, 4, 1998. Crossref

  68. Malyak Mark, Guthridge Joel M., Hance Kenneth R., Dower Steven K., Freed John H., Arend William P., Characterization of a Low Molecular Weight Isoform of IL-1 Receptor Antagonist, The Journal of Immunology, 161, 4, 1998. Crossref

Forthcoming Articles

Identification of a novel five-gene prognostic model for laryngeal cancer associated with mitophagy using integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification Dong Song, Lun Dong, Mei Wang, Xiaoping Gao Function of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) in T cells and cancers: Implications for cancer immunotherapy Wencan Zhang, Xu Cao, Hongmin Wu, Xiancai Zhong, Yun Shi, Zuoming Sun Electroacupuncture Alleviates Ischemic Stroke by Activating the mTOR/SREBP1 Pathway Jiawang Lang, Jianchang Luo, Luodan Wang, Wenbin Xu, Jie Jia, Zhipeng Zhao, Boxu Lang KIAA1429 induces the m6A modification of LINC01106 to enhance the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cell via JAK/STAT3 pathway Di Xu, Ziming Wang, Fajiu Li Effect of p-estrogen receptor at serine on its function and breast growth Yuan Liang, Junhui Qin, Tiancheng Ma, Tong Yang, Zhenyu Ke, Ruian Wang Mechanistic Insights into Tanshinone IIA in the Amelioration of Post-Thyroidectomy Hypoparathyroidism Xiaoyu Qian, Lin Li, Liang Chen, Chao Shen, Jian Tang MiRNA let-7d-5p alleviates inflammatory responses by targeting Map3k1 and inactivating ERK/p38 MAPK signaling in microglia Fan Fang, Cheng Chen Role of Natural Killer Cells as Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Oral Tumor Eradication and Differentiation Both In Vivo and In Vitro Kawaljit Kaur, Anahid Jewett The Current and Future States of Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tu Nguyen, Po-Chun Chen, Janet Pham, Kawaljit Kaur, Steven Raman, Anahid Jewett, Jason Chiang Phillygenin alleviated arthritis through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and Ferroptosis by AMPK Jianghui Wang, Shufang Ni, Kai Zheng, Yan Zhao, peihong zhang, Hong Chang The value of systemic immune-inflammation index and T cell subsets in the severity and prognosis of sepsis Hao Zhou Efficacy and Nuances of Precision Molecular Engineering for Hodgkin's Disease to a Gene Therapeutic Approach Muhammad Imran Qadir, Bilal Ahmed, Nadir Hussain Serum interleukin 6 and ferritin levels are the independent risk factors for pneumonia in elderly patients Hao Yuan, Jing Tian, Lu Wen Exploration of diagnostic markers associated with inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on WGCNA and machine learning Qianjia Wu, Yang Yang, Chongze Lin Clinical significance of serum CTRP3 level in the prediction of cardiac dysfunction and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis Qiang Shao, Lin Sun The protective effect and mechanism of mild hypothermia on pig lung injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation Jinlin Ren, Fangfang Zhu, Dongdong Sang, Mulin Cong, Shujuan Jiang Exploring mechanism of Zilongjin in treating lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology combined with experimental verification Kang Zhang, Xiaoqun Chen Gastric Cancer Immune Subtypes and Prognostic Modeling: Insights from Aging-Related Genes Analysis Jian Shen, Minzhe Li Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the prevention of postoperative sleep disturbance and serum neurotransmitter level in patients under general anesthesia Huifei Lu, Fei He, Ying Huang, Zhongliang Wei Identification of key ubiquitination-related genes and their associated with immune infiltration in osteoarthritis based on mRNA-miRNA network Dalu Yuan, Hailiang Shen, Lina Bai, Menglin Li, Qiujie Ye Diagnostic and Prognostic value of peripheral neutrophil CD64 index in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia Yan Li, Jing Zhang, Suhang Wang, Jie Cao Identification of Metabolism-Related Prognostic Biomarkers and Immune Features of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Rongjin Zhou, Junguo Wang Downregulation of miR-503-5p promotes the development of pancreatic cancer via targeting cyclin E2 Fei Li, Ying-pei Ling, Pan Wang, Shi-cheng Gu, Hao Jiang, Jie Zhu
Begell Digital Portal Begell Digital Library eBooks Journals References & Proceedings Research Collections Prices and Subscription Policies Begell House Contact Us Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain