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Critical Reviews™ in Biomedical Engineering

Published 6 issues per year

ISSN Print: 0278-940X

ISSN Online: 1943-619X

SJR: 0.262 SNIP: 0.372 CiteScore™:: 2.2 H-Index: 56

Indexed in

Development of a Frequency-Dependent-Type Apex Locator With Automatic Compensation

Volume 28, Issue 3&4, 2000, pp. 473-479
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v28.i34.200
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ABSTRACT

Among apex locators, the frequency dependent type is more accurate and convenient to use than others. However, the accuracy of the apex locator is still influenced by the presence of various electrolytes used in root canal treatments. In this study, we developed a frequency-dependent electronic apex locator minimizing the influence of electrolytes on the measurement of root canal lengths. It was confirmed that the two frequencies of 0.5 and 10 kHz are better than the conventional ones of 0.4 and 8 kHz. The impedance ratio of the two different frequencies represents the position of the file in root canal, and the voltage difference of the two frequencies represents the status of the fluid in the root canal. As a result of compensation using the voltage differences of the two frequencies, the errors decreased significantly on average from +0.54 mm to +0.18 mm in Н2О2 solution (p < 0.01), and from -0.33 mm to -0.01 mm in NaOCl solution (p < 0.01) in the tooth model experiments.

CITED BY
  1. Shin Hyeong-Soon, Yang Won-Kyung, Kim Mi-Ri, Ko Hyun-Jung, Cho Kyung-Mo, Park Se-Hee, Kim Jin-Woo, Accuracy of Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigant, Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 37, 3, 2012. Crossref

  2. Nam K. C., Kim S. C., Lee S. J., Kim Y. J., Kim N. G., Kim D. W., Root canal length measurement in teeth with electrolyte compensation, Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 40, 2, 2002. Crossref

  3. Kim Euiseong, Lee Seung-Jong, Electronic apex locator, Dental Clinics of North America, 48, 1, 2004. Crossref

  4. HÜLSMANN MICHAEL, DREBENSTEDT STEFFI, HOLSCHER CHRISTIAN, Shaping and filling root canals during root canal re-treatment, Endodontic Topics, 19, 1, 2008. Crossref

  5. LEE S, NAM K, KIM Y, KIM D, Clinical Accuracy of a New Apex Locator with an Automatic Compensation Circuit, Journal of Endodontics, 28, 10, 2002. Crossref

  6. Qiao Xiaoyue, Zhang Zheng, Chen Xin, Multifrequency Impedance Method Based on Neural Network for Root Canal Length Measurement, Applied Sciences, 10, 21, 2020. Crossref

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