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Atomization and Sprays

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1044-5110

ISSN Online: 1936-2684

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EFFECT OF SHOCK WAVES ON LIQUID ATOMIZATION OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL AIRBLAST ATOMIZER

Volume 1, Issue 1, 1991, pp. 113-136
DOI: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v1.i1.70
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ABSTRACT

Two major questions have been raised by the designers of airblast fuel atomizers: (1) When the atomizing air is choked and underexpanded through a convergent nozzle, do shock waves exist in the presence of liquid? (2) If so, will these shock waves enhance the efficiency and performance of sonic air-blast atomizers? A two-dimensional twin air-blast research atomizer was designed and carefully machined to study these questions and demonstrate the influence of shock waves on atomization processes. Using a shadowgraph technique, shock wave patterns have been visualized with and without liquid injection. The shock wave patterns have also been studied theoretically based on the isentropic flow assumption and the Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan. Droplet size distributions have been measured for both subsonic and sonic conditions by the Malvem Fraunhofer diffraction particle sizing technique for water sprays using air as the atomizing fluid. Measurements of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were made as a function of the air-to-liquid velocity and mass ratios for several different orifice dimensions of air and liquid flows. The Mach number in the shock cells was varied up to 1.5 as the upstream stagnation pressure was progressively increased. It was found that the velocity of the air relative to the liquid has the most important influence on mean drop size variation. The SMD shows a rapid decrease with increase in the relative velocity as the air jets approach the sonic condition. Near choking and after the flow is choked, SMD decreases very slowly, whereas the density-weighted relative velocity, ρVrel, progressively increases with the stagnation pressure. For the fine atomizer that we employed, a critical Weber number Wecrit was already attained near the choking condition, and a further reduction in SMD was not apparent up to the local Mach number of 1.5. In order to investigate the effect of shock waves on airblast atomization more extensively, supersonic air jets of higher Mach number should be applied so that the Weber number can exceed the critical value after the flow is choked.

CITED BY
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  5. Issac Kakkattukuzhy, Missoum Azzedine, Drallmeier James, Johnston Andrew, Atomization experiments in a coaxial coflowing Mach 1.5 flow, AIAA Journal, 32, 8, 1994. Crossref

  6. WEI C.-Y., DRALLMEIER J., ISAAC K., Analysis of primary atomization in supersonic coaxial systems, 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 1992. Crossref

  7. Guerra Vádila Giovana, Daher M.A.F., Gonçalves José Antônio Silveira, Coury José Renato, Film Fraction and Droplet Size inside of a Rectangular Venturi Scrubber, Materials Science Forum, 660-661, 2010. Crossref

  8. Sinha Anubhav, Ravikrishna R V, Experimental studies on structure of airblast spray in crossflow, Sādhanā, 44, 5, 2019. Crossref

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  10. Strasser Wayne, Battaglia Francine, Identification of Pulsation Mechanism in a Transonic Three-Stream Airblast Injector, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 138, 11, 2016. Crossref

  11. Kopp Alves Annelise, Bergmann Carlos P., Berutti Felipe Amorim, Spray Pyrolysis, in Novel Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Materials, 2013. Crossref

  12. Poozesh Sadegh, Akafuah Nelson K., Campbell Heather R., Bashiri Faezeh, Saito Kozo, Experimental and Mathematical Tools to Predict Droplet Size and Velocity Distribution for a Two-Fluid Nozzle, Fluids, 5, 4, 2020. Crossref

  13. Sikka Raghav, Vågsæther Knut, Bjerketvedt Dag, Lundberg Joachim, Experimental Study of Primary Atomization Characteristics of Sonic Air-Assist Atomizers, Applied Sciences, 11, 21, 2021. Crossref

  14. Sikka Raghav, Vågsæther Knut, Bjerketvedt Dag, Lundberg Joachim, Atomization characteristics of a bluff body-assisted sonic twin-fluid atomizer, International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics, 2022. Crossref

  15. Urbán András, Zaremba Matouš, Malý Milan, Józsa Viktor, Jedelský Jan, Droplet dynamics and size characterization of high-velocity airblast atomization, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 95, 2017. Crossref

  16. Sikka Raghav, Vågsæther Knut, Bjerketvedt Dag, Lundberg Joachim, Visualization study of annular sheet breakup dynamics in sonic twin-fluid atomizers, Journal of Visualization, 25, 4, 2022. Crossref

  17. Urbán András, Malý Milan, Józsa Viktor, Jedelský Jan, Effect of liquid preheating on high-velocity airblast atomization: From water to crude rapeseed oil, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 102, 2019. Crossref

  18. Kaiser Rashed, Li Chengguo, Yang Sangsun, Lee Donggeun, A numerical simulation study of the path-resolved breakup behaviors of molten metal in high-pressure gas atomization: With emphasis on the role of shock waves in the gas/molten metal interaction, Advanced Powder Technology, 29, 3, 2018. Crossref

  19. Sikka Raghav, Vågsæther Knut, Bjerketvedt Dag, Lundberg Joachim, Experimental Investigation on the Spray Behaviour of Bluff Body Air-Assisted Atomizer Designs, Fluids, 7, 9, 2022. Crossref

  20. Sikka Raghav , Vågsæther Knut , Bjerketvedt Dag , Lundberg Joachim , ATOMIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ANNULAR SHEET WITH INNER AIR IN A SONIC TWIN-FLUID ATOMIZER , Atomization and Sprays, 33, 1, 2023. Crossref

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