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Atomization and Sprays

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1044-5110

ISSN Online: 1936-2684

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.2 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 1.8 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.3 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00095 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.28 SJR: 0.341 SNIP: 0.536 CiteScore™:: 1.9 H-Index: 57

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ANALYZING THE CYCLE-TO-CYCLE VARIATIONS OF PULSING SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS BY MEANS OF THE PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION

Volume 23, Issue 7, 2013, pp. 623-641
DOI: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2013007851
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ABSTRACT

This paper presents a novel approach to analyze the cycle-to-cycle variations of pulsing spray characteristics. The purpose is to quantify the cycle-to-cycle variations of the macroscopic characteristics of spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) fuel injector spray, so that improvements of air-fuel mixture formation can be made to enhance the combustion efficiency and reduce emissions of SIDI engines. The experiments were carried out using an eight-hole SIDI fuel injector under a controlled ambient environment with an extended range of test conditions. Using a strobe light as an illumination source, multiple cycles of macroscopic spray structure images at a fixed injection delay time were taken by a CCD camera. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique was implemented to analyze the cycle-to-cycle characteristics of spray variation. In addition, the effects of injection pressure, ambient pressure, and fuel type on spray variation were also investigated. POD analysis reveals that the mode 1 pattern captured the ensemble-averaged spray shape, the mode 2 pattern provided quantification of spatial fuel distribution variations of different cycles of spray, and higher mode patterns further quantified the finer details of the variations surrounding the well-atomized periphery of the spray structure. POD analysis also quantitatively confirms that better-atomized sprays led to slightly higher variations of finer structures along the spray boundary. Overall, this study demonstrates that POD analysis can be used as a novel approach to quantify the cycle-to-cycle variation of pulsing spray characteristics.

CITED BY
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  2. Chen Hao, Hung David L. S., Xu Min, Zhuang Hanyang, Yang Jie, Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of fuel spray structure variation in a spark-ignition direct-injection optical engine, Experiments in Fluids, 55, 4, 2014. Crossref

  3. Chen Hao, Hung David L. S., Xu Min, Zhong Jie, A dynamic thresholding technique for extracting the automotive spark-ignition direct-injection pulsing spray characteristics, Journal of Visualization, 17, 3, 2014. Crossref

  4. Chen Hao, Xu Min, Hung David L.S., Yang Jie, Zhuang Hanyang, Development of a POD-Based Analysis Approach for Quantitative Comparison of Spray Structure Variations in a Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2013. Crossref

  5. Wu Shengqi, Xu Min, Hung David L.S., Li Tianyun, Pan Hujie, Analyzing the Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of Vapor and Liquid Phases of Evaporating SIDI Sprays via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Technique, SAE International Journal of Engines, 9, 1, 2015. Crossref

  6. Qin Wenjin, Xu Min, Yin Peng, Hung David L.S., Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of In-Cylinder Vortex Structure and Vorticity using Phase-Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2015. Crossref

  7. Chen Hao, Xu Min, Hung David L.S., Analyzing In-cylinder Flow Evolution and Variations in a Spark-Ignition Direct-Injection Engine Using Phase-Invariant Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Technique, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2014. Crossref

  8. Shen Li, Teh Kwee-Yan, Ge Penghui, Wang Yusheng, Hung David L.S., Detecting Outliers in Crank Angle Resolved Engine Flow Field Datasets for Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2017. Crossref

  9. Yang Jie, Dong Xue, Characteristics and Cyclic Variation of Spray under the Influence of Swirl Ratio and Flash Boiling in SIDI Engine, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2017. Crossref

  10. Yang Jie, Xu Min, Hung David L.S., Wu Qiang, Dong Xue, Influence of swirl ratio on fuel distribution and cyclic variation under flash boiling conditions in a spark ignition direct injection gasoline engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 138, 2017. Crossref

  11. Chen Hao, Lillo Peter M, Sick Volker, Three-dimensional spray–flow interaction in a spark-ignition direct-injection engine, International Journal of Engine Research, 17, 1, 2016. Crossref

  12. El-Adawy Mohammed, Heikal Morgan, A. Aziz A., Adam Ibrahim, Ismael Mhadi, Babiker Mohammed, Baharom Masri, Firmansyah , Abidin Ezrann, On the Application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) for In-Cylinder Flow Analysis, Energies, 11, 9, 2018. Crossref

  13. Guo Genmiao, He Zhixia, Zhang Zhengyang, Duan Lian, Guan Wei, Duan Xiongbo, Jin Yu, Visual experimental investigations of string cavitation and residual bubbles in the diesel nozzle and effects on initial spray structures, International Journal of Engine Research, 21, 3, 2020. Crossref

  14. Van Dam Noah, Sjöberg Magnus, Som Sibendu, Large-Eddy Simulations of Spray Variability Effects on Flow Variability in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine Under Non-Combusting Operating Conditions, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2018. Crossref

  15. El-Adawy Mohammed, Heikal M. R., Aziz A. Rashid A., Ismeal Mhadi A., Wahhab Hasanain A. Abdul, Characterization of the effect of pressure difference on in-cylinder flow field using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), 2035, 2018. Crossref

  16. Scott Blane, Willman Christopher, Stone Richard, Virelli Giuseppe, Magnanon Rachel, Richardson David, Novel Metrics for Validation of PIV and CFD in IC Engines, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2019. Crossref

  17. Bisht Ashish, Gupta Sachin Kumar, Mittal Mayank, Schock Harold, Analysis of spray variations and macroscopic spray characteristics in a gasoline direct-injection engine at different injection timings, Journal of Visualization, 22, 4, 2019. Crossref

  18. Van Dam Noah, Rutland Chris, Uncertainty Quantification of Large-Eddy Spray Simulations, Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, 1, 2, 2016. Crossref

  19. Chen Hao, Zhuang Hanyang, Reuss David L., Sick Volker, Influence of Early and Late Fuel Injection on Air Flow Structure and Kinetic Energy in an Optical SIDI Engine, SAE Technical Paper Series, 1, 2018. Crossref

  20. Qi Wenyuan, Zhou Yifan, Zhang Yuyin, Laser-based measurements and analyses on cycle-to-cycle variations of mixture formation in binary-component fuel sprays, Experiments in Fluids, 61, 3, 2020. Crossref

  21. Willman Christopher, Scott Blane, Stone Richard, Richardson David, Quantitative metrics for comparison of in-cylinder velocity fields using particle image velocimetry, Experiments in Fluids, 61, 2, 2020. Crossref

  22. Shen Li, Teh Kwee-Yan, Ge Penghui, Zhao Fengnian, Hung David LS, Temporal evolution analysis of in-cylinder flow by means of proper orthogonal decomposition, International Journal of Engine Research, 22, 5, 2021. Crossref

  23. Li Xuesong, Yang Shangze, Qiu Shuyi, Li Tianyun, Xu Min, Investigation on flash boiling spray fluctuations in the near-field and far-field under gasoline direct injection related conditions, Applied Thermal Engineering, 179, 2020. Crossref

  24. Dong Xue, Yang Jie, Chan Qing Nian, Influence of flash boiling and swirl ratio on the gasoline spray structure in a spark-ignition optical engine: An experimental study, Journal of the Energy Institute, 94, 2021. Crossref

  25. Zhang Gengxin, Luo Hongliang, Kita Kouhei, Ogata Yoichi, Nishida Keiya, Statistical variation analysis of fuel spray characteristics under cross-flow conditions, Fuel, 307, 2022. Crossref

  26. Leask S. B., McDonell V. G., Samuelsen S., Modal extraction of spatiotemporal atomization data using a deep convolutional Koopman network, Physics of Fluids, 33, 3, 2021. Crossref

  27. Zaremba Matouš, Kozák Jiří, Malý Milan, Weiß Lukas, Rudolf Pavel, Jedelský Jan, Jícha Miroslav, An experimental analysis of the spraying processes in improved design of effervescent atomizer, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 103, 2018. Crossref

  28. Nour Mohamed, Hung David L.S., Li Xuesong, Xu Min, Spray cyclic variations of multicomponent fuels under subcooled, transitional, and superheated conditions, Fuel, 327, 2022. Crossref

  29. Dighe Sandip, Gadgil Hrishikesh, Modal analysis of the liquid sheet breakup with and without acoustic forcing, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 156, 2022. Crossref

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