Library Subscription: Guest
Atomization and Sprays

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1044-5110

ISSN Online: 1936-2684

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.2 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 1.8 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.3 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00095 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.28 SJR: 0.341 SNIP: 0.536 CiteScore™:: 1.9 H-Index: 57

Indexed in

LIGAMENT-CONTROLLED EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZATION

Volume 7, Issue 4, 1997, pp. 383-406
DOI: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v7.i4.40
Get accessGet access

ABSTRACT

The operating principles and performance of a new type of spray nozzle are presented. This nozzle, termed a ligament-controlled effervescent atomizer, was developed to allow consumer product manufacturers to replace volatile organic compound (VOC) solvents with water and hydrocarbon (HC) propellants with air, while meeting the following restrictions: that the spray mean drop size remain below 70 μm, that the atomizing air consumption be less than 0.009, and that atomizer performance be uncompromised by the increase in surface tension or by changes in viscosity. The current atomizer differs from previous effervescent designs through inclusion of a porous disk located immediately upstream of the nozzle exit orifice. The purpose of this disk is to control the diameter of ligaments formed at the injector exit plane. Atomizer performance is reported in terms of the spray Sauter mean diameter, with drop size data analyzed using a model developed from first principles. The model describes the spray formation process as the breakup of individual cylindrical ligaments subject to a gas stream. Ligament breakup length is obtained using the expression of Sterling and Sleicher [1]. Ligament diameter is estimated from manufacturer-supplied pore size data for the porous disk. The model correctly predicts the experimentally observed relationship between Sauter mean diameter and air-to-liquid ratio by mass, liquid surface tension, and liquid viscosity.

CITED BY
  1. Qian Lijuan, Lin Jianzhong, Xiong Hongbin, A Fitting Formula for Predicting Droplet Mean Diameter for Various Liquid in Effervescent Atomization Spray, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 19, 3, 2010. Crossref

  2. Gadgil Hrishikesh P., Raghunandan B. N., Some features of spray breakup in effervescent atomizers, Experiments in Fluids, 50, 2, 2011. Crossref

  3. Hong Moongeun, Fleck Brian A., Nobes David S., Unsteadiness of the internal flow in an effervescent atomizer nozzle, Experiments in Fluids, 55, 12, 2014. Crossref

  4. Sovani S.D, Sojka P.E, Lefebvre A.H, Effervescent atomization, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 27, 4, 2001. Crossref

  5. Walzel Peter, Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2010. Crossref

  6. Gadgil Hrishikesh P., Raghunandan B. N., Model for Predicting the Mean Drop Size in Effervescent Sprays, Journal of Propulsion and Power, 27, 5, 2011. Crossref

  7. Wiedemann C., Oswald M., Stabroth S., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Size distribution of NaK droplets released during RORSAT reactor core ejection, Advances in Space Research, 35, 7, 2005. Crossref

  8. Qian Lijuan, Lin Jianzhong, Xiong Hongbing, Modeling of non-Newtonian suspension plasma spraying in an inductively coupled plasma torch, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50, 8, 2011. Crossref

  9. Liu Meng, Duan Yufeng, Zhang Tienan, Xu Yiqian, Evaluation of unsteadiness in effervescent sprays by analysis of droplet arrival statistics – The influence of fluids properties and atomizer internal design, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35, 1, 2011. Crossref

  10. Ochowiak M., Broniarz-Press L., Rozanska S., Rozanski J., The effect of extensional viscosity on the effervescent atomization of polyacrylamide solutions, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18, 6, 2012. Crossref

  11. Muddu Rajeswari J., Lu Jiakai, Sojka Paul E., Corvalan Carlos M., Threshold wavelength on filaments of complex fluids, Chemical Engineering Science, 69, 1, 2012. Crossref

  12. Qian LiJuan, Lin JianZhong, Modeling on effervescent atomization: A review, Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, 54, 12, 2011. Crossref

  13. Li Zhouhang, Wu Yuxin, Yang Hairui, Cai Chunrong, Zhang Hai, Hashiguchi Kazuaki, Takeno Keiji, Lu Junfu, Effect of liquid viscosity on atomization in an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer, Fuel, 103, 2013. Crossref

  14. Naz Muhammad Yasin, Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar, Ariwahjoedi Bambang, Effect of the borax mass and pre-spray medium temperature on droplet size and velocity vector distributions of intermittently sprayed starchy solutions, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 17, 5, 2015. Crossref

  15. Petersen Frederik J., Wørts Ole, Schæfer Torben, Sojka Paul E., Effervescent Atomization of Aqueous Polymer Solutions and Dispersions, Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 6, 2, 2001. Crossref

  16. Flachs Nielsen Anne, Bertelsen Poul, Gjelstrup Kristensen Henning, Kristensen Jakob, Hovgaard Lars, Investigation and Comparison of Performance of Effervescent and Standard Pneumatic Atomizer Intended for Soluble Aqueous Coating, Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 11, 2, 2006. Crossref

  17. Mostafa Abdu, Fouad M., Enayet M., Osman S., Measurements of Spray Characteristics Produced by Effervescent Atomizers, 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 2004. Crossref

  18. Zaremba Matouš, Weiß Lukas, Malý Milan, Wensing Michael, Jedelský Jan, Jícha Miroslav, Low-pressure twin-fluid atomization: Effect of mixing process on spray formation, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 89, 2017. Crossref

  19. Petersen Frederik Jacob, Wørts Ole, Schæfer Torben, Sojka Paul E., Design and Atomization Properties for an Inside‐Out Type Effervescent Atomizer, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 30, 3, 2004. Crossref

  20. Lin K.-C., Kennedy P., Jackson T., Structures of aerated-liquid jets in subsonic crossflows, 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 2001. Crossref

  21. Hanna Rani, Zoughaib Assaad, Atomization of high viscosity liquids through hydraulic atomizers designed for water atomization, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 85, 2017. Crossref

  22. Jadidi Mehdi, Vardelle Armelle, Dolatabadi Ali, Moreau Christian, Heat Transfer in Suspension Plasma Spraying, in Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering, 2017. Crossref

  23. Naz Muhammad Yasin , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar, Ari-Wahjoedi Bambang, Sauter Mean Diameter Profiles of Droplets in a Continuous Spray Stream, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 695, 2014. Crossref

  24. Jadidi Mehdi, Vardelle Armelle, Dolatabadi Ali, Moreau Christian, Heat Transfer in Suspension Plasma Spraying, in Handbook of Thermal Science and Engineering, 2018. Crossref

  25. Mousavi Milad, Dolatabadi Ali, Numerical study of the effect of gas-to-liquid ratio on the internal and external flows of effervescent atomizers, Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, 42, 4, 2018. Crossref

  26. Du Cong, Liu Lian Sheng, Fan Jian Guang, Experimental Study and Mechanism Analysis of Effervescent Atomization, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 694, 2014. Crossref

  27. Dasgupta Debayan, Nath Sujit, Bhanja Dipankar, A study on dual role of viscosity on the stability of a viscous planar liquid sheet surrounded by inviscid gas streams of equal velocities, and prediction of resulting droplet distribution using maximum entropy formulation, Physics of Fluids, 31, 7, 2019. Crossref

  28. Omer K., Ashgriz N., Spray Nozzles, in Handbook of Atomization and Sprays, 2011. Crossref

  29. Qian Lijuan, Lin Jianzhong, Xiong Hongbing, Leung Chan Tat, Theoretical Investigation of the Influence of Liquid Physical Properties on Effervescent Atomization Performance, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 133, 10, 2011. Crossref

  30. Liu Meng, Duan Yufeng, Predicting the Liquid Film Thickness and Droplet–Gas Flow in Effervescent Atomization: Influence of Operating Conditions and Fluid Viscosity, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 11, 1, 2013. Crossref

  31. Padwal Manisha B., Natan Benveniste, Mishra D.P., Gel propellants, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 83, 2021. Crossref

  32. Shariatnia Shadi, Asadi Amir, Jarrahbashi Dorrin, Experimental analysis of temperature effects in supercritical-assisted atomization, Physics of Fluids, 33, 10, 2021. Crossref

  33. Sarker M. R. I., Rahman Md Sazan, Mandal Soumya, Rony M. M., A Study on Aerosol Spray Characteristics of Different Size Atomizers, Aerosol Science and Engineering, 4, 4, 2020. Crossref

  34. Czernek Krystian, Hyrycz Michał, Krupińska Andżelika, Matuszak Magdalena, Ochowiak Marek, Witczak Stanisław, Włodarczak Sylwia, State-of-the-Art Review of Effervescent-Swirl Atomizers, Energies, 14, 10, 2021. Crossref

  35. Chakraborty Mayukhmali, Vaidyanathan Aravind, Desikan S. L. N., Experiments on atomization and spray characteristics of an effervescent strut injector, Physics of Fluids, 33, 1, 2021. Crossref

  36. Shariatnia Shadi, Asadi Amir, Jarrahbashi Dorrin, Experimental analysis of supercritical-assisted atomization, Physics of Fluids, 33, 1, 2021. Crossref

  37. Zaremba Matouš, Kozák Jiří, Malý Milan, Weiß Lukas, Rudolf Pavel, Jedelský Jan, Jícha Miroslav, An experimental analysis of the spraying processes in improved design of effervescent atomizer, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 103, 2018. Crossref

  38. Kourmatzis Agisilaos, Jaber Othman J., Singh Gajendra, Masri Assaad R., Review of Flow Blurring Atomization: Advances and Perspectives, Energy & Fuels, 36, 8, 2022. Crossref

  39. Li Genbao, Li Chuqiao, Experimental study on the spray steadiness of an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer, Energy, 226, 2021. Crossref

  40. Amaro Jordan, Mendiburu Andrés Z., dos Santos Leila Ribeiro, de Carvalho João A., Frozen core-annular flow model for effervescent atomizer, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 44, 10, 2022. Crossref

  41. Glushkov Dmitrii, Paushkina Kristina, Pleshko Andrei, Gel Fuels: Preparing, Rheology, Atomization, Combustion, Energies, 16, 1, 2022. Crossref

Begell Digital Portal Begell Digital Library eBooks Journals References & Proceedings Research Collections Prices and Subscription Policies Begell House Contact Us Language English 中文 Русский Português German French Spain