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Atomization and Sprays
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Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1044-5110

ISSN Online: 1936-2684

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COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF ATOMIZATION AND FUEL DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN HIGH-SPEED PRIMARY BREAKUP

Volume 28, Issue 4, 2018, pp. 321-344
DOI: 10.1615/AtomizSpr.2018018917
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Luis Bravo
Propulsion Division, Vehicle Technology Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
D. Kim
Cascade Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
F. Ham
Cascade Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
S. Su
Computational Sciences Branch, Computational & Information Sciences Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA

ABSTRACT

The fundamental physical process of an atomizing spray produced by a pulsed injector plays a crucial role in analyzing the combustion dynamics in many propulsion-related applications. A full understanding of the primary atomization process has not been achieved for several reasons, including difficulties in visualizing the optically dense region. Due to the recent advances in numerical methods and computing resources, high-resolution simulations of atomizing flows are becoming available to provide new insights into the complex process. In the present study, an unstructured, unsplit volume-of-fluid (VoF) method is employed to model the liquid/gas interface and droplet formation dynamics for a single pulsed-injection event issued from a complex diesel injector. Two single-component reference fuels, n-paraffin (n-dodecane) and isoparaffin (isooctane), were selected to study the influence of hydrocarbon fuel properties on the spray formation mechanisms. The spray is released into a quiescent environment filled with nitrogen gas at 20 bar and 300 K. The fuel transport properties at peak conditions for the cases considered are in the range of 6.9 × 103 < Re < 2.5 × 104, 5.4 × 104 < We < 1.25 × 105, and 0.01 < Oh < 0.03 and set the spray in a transitional atomization regime. The simulations provide microscopic-level detail of the liquid/gas interface dynamics and droplet formation process with quantified statistics from first principles. Comparisons with experimental measurements and theory demonstrate the validity of the interface-capturing approach and provide a novel analysis tool to explore the underlying breakup physics.

KEY WORDS: primary atomization, volume of fluids, fuels, visualization
CITED BY

  1. Bravo Luis G., Kim Dokyun, Ham Frank, Kerner Kevin A., High Fidelity Simulations of Primary Breakup and Vaporization of Liquid Jet in Cross Flow (JICF), 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference, 2018. Crossref

  2. Chan Wai Hong Ronald, Mirjalili Shahab, Jain Suhas S., Urzay Javier, Mani Ali, Moin Parviz, Birth of microbubbles in turbulent breaking waves, Physical Review Fluids, 4, 10, 2019. Crossref

  3. Huang Junkai, Zhao Xin, Numerical simulations of atomization and evaporation in liquid jet flows, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 119, 2019. Crossref

  4. Duarte Bernardo Alan de Freitas, Barbi Franco, Villar Millena Martins, Serfaty Ricardo, da Silveira Neto Aristeu, Primary atomization of a turbulent liquid jet in crossflow: a comparison between VOF and FGVT methods, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42, 6, 2020. Crossref

  5. Su Simon, Perry Vince, Bravo Luis, Kase Sue, Roy Heather, Cox Katherine, R. Dasari Venkat, Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications to Support Data Analysis and Assessment of Science and Engineering, Computing in Science & Engineering, 22, 3, 2020. Crossref

  6. Gonzalez-Juez Esteban D., Kerstein Alan R., Multiscale modeling of turbulent atomization: Droplet-size sampling, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 128, 2020. Crossref

  7. Chan Wai Hong Ronald, Dodd Michael S., Johnson Perry L., Moin Parviz, Identifying and tracking bubbles and drops in simulations: A toolbox for obtaining sizes, lineages, and breakup and coalescence statistics, Journal of Computational Physics, 432, 2021. Crossref

  8. Chan Wai Hong Ronald, Johnson Perry L., Moin Parviz, Urzay Javier, The turbulent bubble break-up cascade. Part 2. Numerical simulations of breaking waves, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 912, 2021. Crossref

  9. Su Simon, Perry Vincent, Guan Qiang, Durkee Andrew, Neigel Alexis R., Kase Sue, Sensor Data Fusion Framework to Improve Holographic Object Registration Accuracy for a Shared Augmented Reality Mission Planning Scenario, in Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: Interaction, Navigation, Visualization, Embodiment, and Simulation, 10909, 2018. Crossref

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