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International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1521-9437

ISSN Online: 1940-4344

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.2 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 1.4 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.3 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00066 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.34 SJR: 0.274 SNIP: 0.41 CiteScore™:: 2.8 H-Index: 37

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Cytotoxic Activities of Funalia trogii (Berk.) Bond. Et. Singer ATCC 200800 Bioactive Extract on HeLa Cells and Fibroblast Cells

Volume 7, Issue 3, 2005, pp. 478-479
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v7.i3.1080
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ABSTRACT

This study demonstrated the cytotoxic and cell growth inhibitory effect of a bioactive extract of Funalia trogii (Berk.) Bond. et Singer, which was grown in solid-state fermentation at room temperature, on He-La and fibroblast and the mitotic index of lymphocytes. The effect demonstrated by the bioactive extract of F. trogii on laccase, peroxidase, SOD, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutation peroxidase is shown in Table 1.
A study on the possible cytotoxic and cell growth inhibitory effects of the bioactive extracts of two white-rot fungi showed that these extracts had significant cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties on the HeLa cancer cell line. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the in vitro cytotoxic activities of standardized aqueous bioactive extracts prepared from Funalia trogii on HeLa and fibroblast cell lines using a MTT (3-[4,5-Dimetiltiazol-2-]-2-5-difeniltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. F. trogii solutions were found to exhibit cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell lines. Based on the data, it was found that toxicity ratios of 0.05 μL of F. trogii extract solutions were 71.5%. Furthermore, F. trogii extract solutions were also cytotoxic on fibroblast cell lines.
Analysis of the data indicated that the toxicity ratio of 0.05 μL of F. trogii solutions was 51.3%. These results showed that the extracts had a substantial cytotoxic action on HeLa cell lines but less on fibroblast cells. In separate experiments the mitotic index reached nearly the same value at 4 μg/mL MMC, 75 μL concentrations of non-heated fungal extract. Therefore, in order to compare the mutagenic potential of fungal extract and MMC, we used concentration values in SCE analysis. Table 2 represents the SCE frequency of cultures treated with non-heated fungal extract, positive control, and negative controls. A significant induction of SCE was observed in cultured lymphocytes treated with MMC (4 μg/mL) compared with non-heated fungal extract and negative control (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between negative control and non-heated fungal extract (p > 0.05, p = 0.73). In conclusion, we did not observe any genotoxic effect.
In bioactive extracts of fungi, we revealed the determination of enzyme or enzymes responsible for cytotoxic effect on HeLa cell line. As a result, antitumor activity was shown by two enzymes—laccase and peroxidase—produced by fungi. Bioactive extracts have natural quinone substances from lignin by production of peroxidase and laccase. These enzymes acted more selectively on HeLa cells, arresting the cell in the G-phase of the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. The basis of our work was that bioreductive activation was also a highly specific delivery mechanism for targeting a variety of processes and was important for tumor growth. Thus, bioreduction of a quinone in the hypoxic region of a tumor would result in the formation of an intermediate semiquinone or hydroquinone (depending on 1-e or 2-e reduction). Hence, we proved that the covalent bond in quinone is meta-bolically stable, the effector quinone substance is only released within the hypoxic regions of tumors, and the desired large differential between the effects of the quinone is attained. We are able to produce the quinones naturally, which can act as excellent subtrates for NAD(P) H-quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase) and thus target tumors rich in this enzyme, thereby providing cytotoxic activation by a hypoxia independent mechanism.
This study provides evidence for in vitro antitumor activity of a bioactive extract from F. trogii. Therefore, upon in vivo data, which will follow this study, it may become a promising cytotoxic product for treatment of various types of cancer.

CITED BY
  1. Nicoletti Rosario, Buommino Elisabetta, De Filippis Anna, Lopez-Gresa Maria Pilar, Manzo Emiliano, Carella Angela, Petrazzuolo Marcella, Tufano Maria Antonietta, Bioprospecting for antagonistic Penicillium strains as a resource of new antitumor compounds, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 2, 2008. Crossref

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