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International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms

Published 12 issues per year

ISSN Print: 1521-9437

ISSN Online: 1940-4344

The Impact Factor measures the average number of citations received in a particular year by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) IF: 1.2 To calculate the five year Impact Factor, citations are counted in 2017 to the previous five years and divided by the source items published in the previous five years. 2017 Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2018) 5-Year IF: 1.4 The Immediacy Index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published. The journal Immediacy Index indicates how quickly articles in a journal are cited. Immediacy Index: 0.3 The Eigenfactor score, developed by Jevin West and Carl Bergstrom at the University of Washington, is a rating of the total importance of a scientific journal. Journals are rated according to the number of incoming citations, with citations from highly ranked journals weighted to make a larger contribution to the eigenfactor than those from poorly ranked journals. Eigenfactor: 0.00066 The Journal Citation Indicator (JCI) is a single measurement of the field-normalized citation impact of journals in the Web of Science Core Collection across disciplines. The key words here are that the metric is normalized and cross-disciplinary. JCI: 0.34 SJR: 0.274 SNIP: 0.41 CiteScore™:: 2.8 H-Index: 37

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Induction of Gene Expression of Immunomodulatory Cytokines in the Mouse by a Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetideae)

Volume 4, Issue 1, 2002, 9 pages
DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v4.i1.30
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ABSTRACT

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), isolated by hot aqueous extraction and ethanol precipitation from fruiting bodies of this medicinal mushroom, significantly suppressed in vivo the growth of Sarcoma 180 solid tumor, and thus exhibited antitumor activity. However, GLP showed no direct antiproliferative effect as evaluated in vitro using several cancer cell lines, such as breast cancer MCF-7, lung cancer SPC-A, and hepatoma SMMC-7721. A host-mediated defense mechanism was proposed as the antitumor effect of G. lucidum. To facilitate the study of its antitumor mechanism of action, GLP was divided-into two portions, GLPO (MW < 12,000) and GLPI (MW > 12,000) by dialysis against distilled water, which was injected intraperitoneally into male inbred BALB/c mice. The immunomodulatory action of GLP was elucidated through analyzing the induced expression profile of cytokines in the mice using primers of specific cytokines, total RNA, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results show that 7 out of 17 cytokine-mRNAs were detected in the splenocytes and peritoneal exudate cells (macrophages) from the control and treated mice. Among the seven detectable cytoldne genes in the splenocytes, GLP induced a marked increase in the expression levels ofinterleukin (IL)-la (2-fold), IL-lb (3-fold), TNF-a (2-fold), IL-12 p35 (up to 6-fold), and IL-12 p40. In the macrophages, GLP promoted a remarkable increase in the expression levels ofIL-lb (2.5- to 3-fold), TNF-a (up to 6-fold), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (up to 2-fold). These results indicated that antitumor GLP was able to induce a cascade of immunomodulatory cytokines, but the potentiadon of their gene expression and interaction seemed quite complicated. The potency of TNF-a induction in macrophage is much more up-regulated after the challenge of GLPO than GLPI, and therefore, it is concluded that molecular size might be one of the factors in determining the structure-function relationship of this polysaccharide.

CITED BY
  1. Wiater Adrian, Paduch Roman, Choma Adam, Pleszczyńska Małgorzata, Siwulski Marek, Dominik Jolanta, Janusz Grzegorz, Tomczyk Michał, Szczodrak Janusz, Biological study on carboxymethylated (1→3)-α-d-glucans from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 51, 5, 2012. Crossref

  2. Nie Shaoping, Zhang Hui, Li Wenjuan, Xie Mingyong, Current development of polysaccharides from Ganoderma: Isolation, structure and bioactivities, Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 1, 1, 2013. Crossref

  3. Ferreira Isabel C.F.R., Heleno Sandrina A., Reis Filipa S., Stojkovic Dejan, Queiroz Maria João R.P., Vasconcelos M. Helena, Sokovic Marina, Chemical features of Ganoderma polysaccharides with antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities, Phytochemistry, 114, 2015. Crossref

  4. Liu Zhang, Li-Ping Cao, Wei-Dong Ding, Jeney Galina, Pao Xu, Chuan-Xi Xiong, Guo-Jun Yin, In vitro effect of lentinan on the activation of immunological cells in Cyprinus carpio, Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 6, 1, 2009. Crossref

  5. Ji Zhe, Tang Qingjiu, Zhang Jinsong, Yang Yan, Jia Wei, Pan Yingjie, Immunomodulation of RAW264.7 macrophages by GLIS, a proteopolysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112, 3, 2007. Crossref

  6. Moradali Mohammad-Fata, Mostafavi Hossein, Ghods Shirin, Hedjaroude Ghorban-Ali, Immunomodulating and anticancer agents in the realm of macromycetes fungi (macrofungi), International Immunopharmacology, 7, 6, 2007. Crossref

  7. Paterson R. Russell M., Ganoderma – A therapeutic fungal biofactory, Phytochemistry, 67, 18, 2006. Crossref

  8. Hu Rongkang, Guo Weiling, Huang Zirui, Li Lu, Liu Bin, Lv Xucong, Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum attenuate lipid metabolism and modulate gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed rats, Journal of Functional Foods, 46, 2018. Crossref

  9. Sudheer Surya, Alzorqi Ibrahim, Manickam Sivakumar, Ali Asgar, Bioactive Compounds of the Wonder Medicinal Mushroom “Ganoderma lucidum”, in Sweeteners, 2018. Crossref

  10. Sudheer Surya, Alzorqi Ibrahim, Manickam Sivakumar, Ali Asgar, Bioactive Compounds of the Wonder Medicinal Mushroom “Ganoderma lucidum”, in Bioactive Molecules in Food, 2019. Crossref

  11. Lu Jiahui, He Rongjun, Sun Peilong, Zhang Fuming, Linhardt Robert J., Zhang Anqiang, Molecular mechanisms of bioactive polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi), a review, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 150, 2020. Crossref

  12. Singh Ranjeet, Singh Avneet Pal, Dhingra Gurpaul Singh, Shri Richa, Ganoderma: A Propitious Medicinal Poroid Mushroom, in Bioactive Natural products in Drug Discovery, 2020. Crossref

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