RT Journal Article ID 021c08972c054ee3 A1 Luevano, Joe A1 Damodaran, Chendil T1 A Review of Molecular Events of Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis JF Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology JO JEP(T) YR 2014 FD 2014-07-21 VO 33 IS 3 SP 183 OP 194 K1 cancer K1 malignant K1 transformation K1 prostate cancer K1 breast cancer K1 lung cancer AB Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic, heavy industrial metal that poses serious environmental health hazards to both humans and wildlife. Recently, Cd and Cd-containing compounds have been classified as known human carcinogens, and epidemiological data show causal associations with prostate, breast, and lung cancer. The molecular mechanisms involved in Cd-induced carcinogenesis are poorly understood and are only now beginning to be elucidated. The effects of chronic exposure to Cd have recently attracted great interest due to the development of malignancies in Cd-induced tumorigenesis in animals models. Briefly, various in vitro studies demonstrate that Cd can act as a mitogen, can stimulate cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis and DNA repair, and can induce carcinogenesis in several mammalian tissues and organs. Thus, the various mechanisms involved in chronic Cd exposure and malignant transformations warrant further investigation. In this review, we focus on recent evidence of various leading general and tissue-specific molecular mechanisms that follow chronic exposure to Cd in prostate-, breast-, and lung-transformed malignancies. In addition, in this review, we consider less defined mechanisms such as epigenetic modification and autophagy, which are thought to play a role in the development of Cd-induced malignant transformation. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/0ff459a57a4c08d0,0410fa476f5ceb7e,021c08972c054ee3.html