RT Journal Article ID 59aeaec644ed1833 A1 Park, Su-Ho A1 Ham, Sunyoung A1 Kwon, Tae Ho A1 Kim, Man Sub A1 Lee, Dong Hun A1 Kang, Jeoung-Woo A1 Oh, Sei-Ryang A1 Yoon, Do-Young T1 Luteolin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Through Extrinsic and Intrinsic Signaling Pathways in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells JF Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology JO JEP(T) YR 2014 FD 2014-07-21 VO 33 IS 3 SP 219 OP 231 K1 apoptosis K1 breast cancer K1 cell cycle arrest K1 DR5 K1 luteolin AB Luteolin is a common flavonoid that exists in medicinal herbs, fruits, and vegetables. Luteolin has biochemical functions including anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer functions. However, its efficacy and precise mode of action against breast cancer are still under study. To elucidate whether luteolin exhibits an anticancer effect in breast cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer cells were incubated with luteolin, and apoptosis was assessed by observing nuclear morphological changes and by performing cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, western blotting, RT-PCR, and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements. Luteolin inhibited growth through perturbation of cell cycle progression at the sub-G1 and G1 phases in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, luteolin enhanced the expression of death receptors, such as DR5, and activated caspase cascades. It enhanced the activities of caspase-8/-9/-3 in a dose-dependent manner, followed by inactivation of PARP. Activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 induced caspase-3 activity, respectively, in apoptosis of extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Luteolin also induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and cytochrome c release, and increased Bax expression by inhibiting expression of Bcl-2. Taken together, these results suggest that luteolin provokes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis by activating the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/0ff459a57a4c08d0,0410fa476f5ceb7e,59aeaec644ed1833.html