年間 12 号発行
ISSN 印刷: 1521-9437
ISSN オンライン: 1940-4344
Indexed in
Medicinal Mushroom Lingzhi or Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst., β-Glucan Induces Toll-like Receptors and Fails to Induce Inflammatory Cytokines in NF-κB Inhibitor-Treated Macrophages
要約
β-Glucan of medicinal Lingzhi or Reishi mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (BGG), possesses immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities. Innate immune cells are activated by the binding of β-glucan to the dectin-1 receptor. The present study investigated the immunostimulating activities of BGG, including binding to dectin-1, secretion of cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and induction of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Reverse transcription−polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used for the cytokine and TLR analyses. A mouse inflammation antibody array was used for protein-level cytokine analysis. BGG bound to dectin-1 and induced RAW264.7 cell secretion of several cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-6, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The secretion of these cytokines was further increased by the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BGG also induced both nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Treatment with an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) reduced the induction of IL-1, IL-6, and iNOS in a concentration-dependent manner. Expressions of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 were increased by BGG treatment, and addition of LPS induced further induction of TLR4 and TLR6. Our result indicates that BGG induces macrophage secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which can be potentiated by the presence of LPS, likely by binding to dectin-1 and TLR-2/6 receptors, which activate NF-κB and prompt the secretion of cytokines.
-
Kim Hyung Sook, Kim Yeon Jin, Lee Hong Kyung, Ryu Hwa Sun, Kim Ji Sung, Yoon Mi Jung, Kang Jong Soon, Hong Jin Tae, Kim Youngsoo, Han Sang-Bae, Activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from Paecilomyces cicadae through toll-like receptor 4, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50, 9, 2012. Crossref
-
Batbayar Sainkhuu, Lee Dong-Hee, Kim Ha-Won, Immunomodulation of Fungal β-Glucan in Host Defense Signaling by Dectin-1, Biomolecules and Therapeutics, 20, 5, 2012. Crossref
-
Du Bin, Lin Chengyuan, Bian Zhaoxiang, Xu Baojun, An insight into anti-inflammatory effects of fungal beta-glucans, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 41, 1, 2015. Crossref
-
Rui Ke, Tian Jie, Tang Xinyi, Ma Jie, Xu Ping, Tian Xinyu, Wang Yungang, Xu Huaxi, Lu Liwei, Wang Shengjun, Curdlan blocks the immune suppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and reduces tumor burden, Immunologic Research, 64, 4, 2016. Crossref
-
Zhao Ruolin, Chen Qilong, He Yu-min, The effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on immunological function and identify its anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity based on the biological network, Scientific Reports, 8, 1, 2018. Crossref
-
Liang Peihe, Guo Jia, Li Shadan, Guan Qiunong, Vanderheyden Terry, So Alan, Wang Yuzhuo, Chen Tao, Du Caigan, Prevention of Prostate Tumor Development by Stimulation of Antitumor Immunity Using a Standardized Herbal Extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018, 2018. Crossref
-
Sukhatme Vidula V., Ramalingam Suresh S., Ahmed Rafi, Sukhatme Vikas P., Repurposing Food and Drug Administration–Approved Drugs to Promote Antitumor Immunity, The Cancer Journal, 25, 2, 2019. Crossref
-
Wang Xin, Lin Zhibin, Immunomodulating Effect of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) and Possible Mechanism, in Ganoderma and Health, 1182, 2019. Crossref
-
Benson Kathleen F., Stamets Paul, Davis Renee, Nally Regan, Taylor Alex, Slater Sonya, Jensen Gitte S., The mycelium of the Trametes versicolor (Turkey tail) mushroom and its fermented substrate each show potent and complementary immune activating properties in vitro, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19, 1, 2019. Crossref
-
Jin Xin, Zhang Man, Yang Yin-feng, Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression in ovine ruminal epithelial cells is mediated through the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway, Veterinary Research Communications, 43, 2, 2019. Crossref
-
Xiao Zhiyong, Zhou Wenxia, Zhang Yongxiang, Fungal polysaccharides, in Pharmacological Advances in Natural Product Drug Discovery, 87, 2020. Crossref
-
Younger Jarred, Donovan Emily K., Hodgin Kathleen S., Ness Timothy J., A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica), and Epimedium (Epimedium sagittatum), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 7, 2021. Crossref
-
Zhang Yazhuo, Liu Xinning, Zhao Jun, Wang Jie, Song Qiaoling, Zhao Chenyang, The phagocytic receptors of β-glucan, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 205, 2022. Crossref