%0 Journal Article %A Westendorf, Jennifer J. %A Bradley, Elizabeth W. %A McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E. %D 2011 %I Begell House %K lysine deacetylase, chondrocytes, cartilage, osteoblasts, Runx2 %N 2 %P 101-113 %R 10.1615/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v21.i2.10 %T Hdac-Mediated Control of Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification %U https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/6dbf508d3b17c437,6f888cc8136a039b,1606fc1a32bbbd05.html %V 21 %X Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) remove acetyl groups (CH3CO-) from ε-amino groups in lysine residues within histones and other proteins. This posttranslational (de) modification alters protein stability, protein-protein interactions, and chromatin structure. Hdac activity plays important roles in the development of all organs and tissues, including the mineralized skeleton. Bone is a dynamic tissue that forms and regenerates by two processes: endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts are responsible for producing the extracellular matrices of skeletal tissues. Several Hdacs contribute to the molecular pathways and chromatin changes that regulate tissue-specific gene expression during chondrocyte and osteoblast specification, maturation, and terminal differentiation. In this review, we summarize the roles of class I and class II Hdacs in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The effects of small molecule Hdac inhibitors on the skeleton are also discussed. %8 2011-11-04