RT Journal Article ID 6c775c40425e272d A1 Ma, Hong-Tao A1 Beaven, Michael A. T1 Regulation of Ca2+ Signaling with Particular Focus on Mast Cells JF Critical Reviews™ in Immunology JO CRI YR 2009 FD 2009-06-01 VO 29 IS 2 SP 155 OP 186 K1 store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) K1 calcium channels K1 TRPC K1 Orai1 K1 mitochondria K1 pharmacologic probes K1 review AB Calcium signals mediate diverse cellular functions in immunological cells. Early studies with mast cells, then a preeminent model for studying Ca2+-dependent exocytosis, revealed several basic features of calcium signaling in non-electrically excitable cells. Subsequent studies in these and other cells further defined the basic processes such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated release of Ca2+ from Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); coupling of ER store depletion to influx of external Ca2+ through a calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channel now attributed to the interaction of the ER Ca2+ sensor, stromal interacting molecule-1 (STIM1), with a unique Ca2+-channel protein, Orai1/CRACM1, and subsequent uptake of excess Ca2+ into ER and mitochondria through ATP-dependent Ca2+ pumps. In addition, transient receptor potential channels and ion exchangers also contribute to the generation of calcium signals that may be global or have dynamic (e.g., waves and oscillations) and spatial resolution for specific functional readouts. This review discusses past and recent developments in this field of research, the pharmacologic agents that have assisted in these endeavors, and the mast cell as an exemplar for sorting out how calcium signals may regulate multiple outputs in a single cell. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/2ff21abf44b19838,0772bd76689c273e,6c775c40425e272d.html