RT Journal Article ID 75691486082c9f78 A1 Orentas, Rimas J. A1 Mackall, Crystal L. T1 Emerging Immunotherapies for Cancer and Their Potential for Application in Pediatric Oncology JF Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis JO CRO YR 2015 FD 2015-07-24 VO 20 IS 3-4 SP 315 OP 327 K1 adoptive cell therapy K1 chimeric antigen receptors K1 cytokines K1 gene therapy K1 immunotherapy K1 NK cells K1 tumor antigens K1 tumor microenvironment K1 tumor vaccines AB After decades of basic research, immune-based therapeutics for the treatment of cancer are showing evidence of efficacy in clinical trials; several immunotherapeutics already incorporated into standard treatment regimens. Intensive research is underway to improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutics and to expand the application of immunotherapy to a wider array of cancers. The therapeutic options that comprise immunotherapy for cancer are vast and span monoclonal antibodies, tumor vaccines, adoptive cellular therapies, as well as therapies aimed at reversing immunosuppression and enhancing immune reactivity globally and/or locally within the tumor microenvironment. In pediatric cancer, monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated efficacy in hematologic malignancies, and neuroblastoma and bispecific antibodies that activate resident T cells, as well as adoptive cell therapy, have shown recent exciting results for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. This review discusses the basic principles of tumor immunology driving clinical development of new immunotherapies, describes immunotherapeutics with demonstrated efficacy and several currently in clinical trials, and highlight agents that seem to be most promising for the treatment of pediatric cancer. PB Begell House LK https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/439f422d0783386a,3952f49a3022a411,75691486082c9f78.html