Advanced Course in Heat Exchangers: Theory and Practice. ICHMT Symposium.
DOI: 10.1615/ICHMT.1981.AdvCourseHeatExch
ISBN Print: 978-0-07062-806-9
Water Quality Effects on Fouling from Hard Waters
pages 853-861
DOI: 10.1615/ICHMT.1981.AdvCourseHeatExch.550
要約
Artificial hard waters were recirculated through a steam-heated annular test section in which the fouling films deposited on the outside of the inner tube. Experiments were carried out in the constant heat flow mode using waters of pH 6.9−8.1, and total alkalinity between 90 and 700 ppm as CaCO3. Fouling rates ranged from 0.1 to 100 × 10−6 m2K/kJ. The ionic diffusion model of Hasson and co-workers fitted the data at fouling rates below 4 × 10−6 m2K/kJ. The effects of suspended particulates and of the presence of magnesium were investigated.